Polyurethane foams which are highly flame resistant are described, as well as the production of such polyurethane foams by the reaction between a natural polyol, such as sucrose or a blend of mono- or disaccharides in place of the standard hydrocarbon-based polyol component, a polyisocyanate and water in the presence of a suitable polyurethane forming catalyst and a non-halogenated flame retardant, and optionally one or more components such as surfactants and/or emulsifiers. The resultant polyurethane foam has a bio-based solid content ranging from about 17% to 30%, may be formulated in a variety of foam densities for a variety of applications, and exhibits a high degree of fire and burn resistance, as exhibited by the flame spread index, flash over resistance determination, and the smoke spread values.

The present invention provides a kind of inherent flame retardant rigid polyurethane foam. The production formula comprises 100 to 105 pbw of polyether polyol and reactive phosphorus-containing flame retardant, 2.5 to 3.5 pbw of amine catalyst, 0.8 to 2.5 pbw of tertiary amine catalyst, 0.8 to 2.5 pbw of foam stabilizer, 0.5 to 1.5 pbw of blowing agent, 135 to 150 pbw of isocyanates, and 0.05 to 0.1 pbw of organo-metallic catalyst, wherein the reactive phosphorus-containing flame retardant is 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol. The active monomers containing flame retarding elements are introduced into main chain and side chain of PU for modification, which permanently improves the flame retardancy of PU without obvious effect on other performance of PU matrix.

A composite material includes, in an exemplary embodiment a polyurethane foam and a plurality of inorganic particles dispersed therein. The polyurethane foam is formed from a reaction mixture that includes a first polyether polyol having a first molecular weight and a functionality of about 3 or less, a second polyether polyol having a second molecular weight less than the first molecular weight and a functionality of greater than about 3, and at least one isocyanate. The ratio of an amount of the first polyol in the reaction mixture to an amount of the second polyol in the reaction mixture is between about 1:1 to about 5:1.

A microcellular foaming nanocomposite includes an elastomeric polymer; a nanofiller; at least two of amphiphilic dispersing agents; a chemical blowing agent; an activator for chemical blowing agent; and a crosslinking agent. The present arrangement also relates to a preparation method of a microcellular foamed nanocomposite.

Polyurethane foams which are highly flame resistant are described, as well as the production of such polyurethane foams by the reaction between a natural polyol, such as sucrose or a blend of mono- or disaccharides in place of the standard hydrocarbon-based polyol component, a polyisocyanate and water in the presence of a suitable polyurethane forming catalyst and a non-halogenated flame retardant, and optionally one or more components such as surfactants and/or emulsifiers. The resultant polyurethane foam has a bio-based solid content ranging from about 17% to 30%, may be formulated in a variety of foam densities for a variety of applications, and exhibits a high degree of fire and burn resistance, as exhibited by the flame spread index, flash over resistance determination, and the smoke spread values.

The present invention relates to a thermal insulation material comprising graphite oxide particles, and also to the use of partially oxidized graphite oxide particles as an opacifying agent in a thermal insulation material.

A process to form a crosslinked, foamed composition, and related processes and compositions, the process comprising thermally treating a first composition that comprises the following components: a) at least one olefin/silane interpolymer comprising at least one SiH group, b) at least one peroxide, and c) at least one blowing agent.

The invention relates to a fire-resistant polyurethane material comprising a foamed polyurethane main body, a fire-resistant inorganic powder and a hollow structure. The density of the hollow structure is lower than about 0.1 g/cm.sup.3 and the material of the hollow structure is selected from the group consisting of polymer, glass and ceramic. The fire-resistant polyurethane material according to the invention has excellent fire-resistant effects. The invention also provides a fire-resistant structure.

A composite material includes, in an exemplary embodiment a polyurethane foam and a plurality of inorganic particles dispersed therein. The polyurethane foam is formed from a reaction mixture that includes a first polyether polyol having a first molecular weight and a functionality of about 3 or less, a second polyether polyol having a second molecular weight less than the first molecular weight and a functionality of greater than about 3, and at least one isocyanate. The ratio of an amount of the first polyol in the reaction mixture to an amount of the second polyol in the reaction mixture is between about 1:1 to about 5:1.

The invention relates to an application device for a two-component spray foam for fire protection purposes comprising a first pressurized can with a component A containing a polyisocyanate and a first propellant gas component, a second pressurized can with a component B, containing at least one flameproofing agent in fine-particle form suspended in a polyol component, and a second propellant gas component, a retaining fixture for the first and second pressurized can, with said fixture being provided with a valve receptacle for each of the pressurize cans, a discharging aid for the spray foam, said discharging aid being connected via hose lines to the valve receptacles for the pressurized cans, and a forced mixer that mixes component A with component B when the discharging aid is activated.