The present disclosure relates to a silicone rubber foam layer obtainable by a process that includes providing a substrate; providing a first solid film and applying it onto the substrate; providing a coating tool provided with an upstream side and a downstream side, wherein the coating tool is offset from the substrate to form a gap normal to the surface of the substrate; moving the first solid film relative to the coating tool in a downstream direction; providing a curable and foamable precursor of the silicone rubber foam to the upstream side of the coating tool thereby coating the precursor of the silicone rubber foam through the gap as a layer onto the substrate provided with the first solid film; providing a second solid film and applying it along the upstream side of the coating tool, such that the first solid film and the second solid film are applied simultaneously with the formation of the adjacent layer of the precursor of the silicone rubber foam; foaming or allowing the precursor of the silicone rubber foam to foam; curing or allowing the layer of the precursor of the silicone rubber foam to cure thereby forming the silicone rubber foam layer; optionally, exposing the layer of the precursor of the silicone rubber foam to a thermal treatment; and optionally, removing the first solid film and/or the second solid film from the silicone rubber foam layer.

A method of forming foam material is provided, which includes mixing 100 parts by weight of a compound having cyclic carbonate groups and a foaming agent to form a foaming composition, wherein the foaming agent includes 3 to 13 parts by weight of carbamate salt and 15 to 65 parts by weight of amino compound. The foaming composition is heated to 100° C. to 170° C. for decomposing the carbamate salt into CO.sub.2 and amino compound, and the amino compound is reacted with the compound having cyclic carbonate groups to form the foam material.

A method for producing a foam, wherein polyol and an isocyanate are combined in a mold, and wherein an additive of biological matter and/or waste materials is added at the same time, before, or after, wherein the additive is pretreated.

A method for producing a foam, wherein polyol and an isocyanate are combined in a mold, and wherein an additive of biological matter and/or waste materials is added at the same time, before, or after, wherein the additive is pretreated.

A method of forming foam material is provided, which includes mixing 100 parts by weight of a compound having cyclic carbonate groups and a foaming agent to form a foaming composition, wherein the foaming agent includes 3 to 13 parts by weight of carbamate salt and 15 to 65 parts by weight of amino compound. The foaming composition is heated to 100° C. to 170° C. for decomposing the carbamate salt into CO.sub.2 and amino compound, and the amino compound is reacted with the compound having cyclic carbonate groups to form the foam material.

A polyurethane composition is provided. The polyurethane composition comprises (A) a polyurethane-prepolymer prepared by reacting at least one polyisocyanate compound with a first polyol component; and (B) a second polyol component; wherein at least one of the first polyol component and the second polyol component comprises an ester/ether random copolymer polyol synthesized by reacting a starting material polyether polyol with at least one monomeric polyhydric alcohol and at least one monomeric multifunctional carboxylic acid or anhydride thereof. The polyurethane foam prepared by using the polyurethane composition can achieve inhibited internal heat buildup, high thermal stability, superior tear strength, enhanced abrasion resistance and good hydrolysis resistance. A polyurethane product prepared with said foam, a method for preparing the polyurethane foam and a method for improving the performance property of the polyurethane foam are also provided.

A polyurethane composition is provided. The polyurethane composition comprises (A) a polyurethane-prepolymer prepared by reacting at least one polyisocyanate compound with a first polyol component; and (B) a second polyol component; wherein at least one of the first polyol component and the second polyol component comprises an ester/ether random copolymer polyol synthesized by reacting a starting material polyether polyol with at least one monomeric polyhydric alcohol and at least one monomeric multifunctional carboxylic acid or anhydride thereof. The polyurethane foam prepared by using the polyurethane composition can achieve inhibited internal heat buildup, high thermal stability, superior tear strength, enhanced abrasion resistance and good hydrolysis resistance. A polyurethane product prepared with said foam, a method for preparing the polyurethane foam and a method for improving the performance property of the polyurethane foam are also provided.

A method for the synthesis of an auxetic polyurethane foam with a defined cell structure and an auxetic polyurethane foam substrate obtainable by a method according to the invention. The method includes mixing a polyol reagent and a foaming reagent, forming a reaction mixture, mixing an isocyanate with the reaction mixture, compressing and/or contracting the isocyanate/reaction mixture, and allowing the compressed and/or contracted isocyanate/reaction mixture to cure.

A method for the synthesis of an auxetic polyurethane foam with a defined cell structure and an auxetic polyurethane foam substrate obtainable by a method according to the invention. The method includes mixing a polyol reagent and a foaming reagent, forming a reaction mixture, mixing an isocyanate with the reaction mixture, compressing and/or contracting the isocyanate/reaction mixture, and allowing the compressed and/or contracted isocyanate/reaction mixture to cure.

A curative for epoxidized plant-based oils and epoxidized natural rubber is created from the reaction between a naturally occurring polyfunctional acid and an epoxidized plant-based oil is disclosed. The curative may be used to produce at least one of six different materials, wherein each type of material may be configured as a thermosetting elastomer that is crosslinked with β-hydroxyester linkages. The materials may be configured as a leather-like material, a foam material, a molded elastomer, a coating, an adhesive, and/or a rigid or semi-rigid material. Illustrative articles made from any combination of the six materials may be recycled using a mechano-chemical process to de-crosslink the thermosetting elastomer.