The present invention relates to a process for the manufacture of foamed polymeric material characterised by the presence of two or more cellular layers and aggregates that exhibit variations in cell size and cell density distribution. The heterogeneous polymeric material is foamed using a single expansion step, thus eliminating the assembly steps and improving the mechanical proprieties of the foam. The invention allows producing custom foam with predefined profiles of cell size, cell density distribution, and with correlated variations of its physical properties. The key to this invention is that the polymer material before expansion is made in multiple polymerisation steps from the original monomers. In each polymerisation step, a different recipe of monomers and physical blowing agents' concentration is used. These recipes within the final polymer material will expand under the same temperature to produce various aggregates of cell sizes and cell distribution in the final foam.

The present invention relates to a process for the manufacture of foamed polymeric material characterised by the presence of two or more cellular layers and aggregates that exhibit variations in cell size and cell density distribution. The heterogeneous polymeric material is foamed using a single expansion step, thus eliminating the assembly steps and improving the mechanical proprieties of the foam. The invention allows producing custom foam with predefined profiles of cell size, cell density distribution, and with correlated variations of its physical properties. The key to this invention is that the polymer material before expansion is made in multiple polymerisation steps from the original monomers. In each polymerisation step, a different recipe of monomers and physical blowing agents' concentration is used. These recipes within the final polymer material will expand under the same temperature to produce various aggregates of cell sizes and cell distribution in the final foam.

The present invention relates to a method for preparing superabsorbent polymer. The method for preparing superabsorbent polymer according to the present invention enables providing superabsorbent polymer having excellent absorption ratio, absorption speed and permeability.

A method of recycling a large amount of insole scrap stack is proposed. The method includes forming a plate-shaped stack made of flat-plate-shaped foam and woven fabric, separating an insole scrap stack from the plate-shaped stack, and forming a pulverized insole scrap having an average diameter of 0.05 to 0.7 mm by cool-pulverizing or freeze-pulverizing the insole scrap stack at 10° C. or less. The pulverized insole scrap may be used for manufacturing foam.

A method of recycling a large amount of insole scrap stack is proposed. The method includes forming a plate-shaped stack made of flat-plate-shaped foam and woven fabric, separating an insole scrap stack from the plate-shaped stack, and forming a pulverized insole scrap having an average diameter of 0.05 to 0.7 mm by cool-pulverizing or freeze-pulverizing the insole scrap stack at 10° C. or less. The pulverized insole scrap may be used for manufacturing foam.

Embodiments relate to a porous polyurethane polishing pad for use in a chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) process of semiconductors and a process for preparing the same. According to the embodiments, the size and distribution of the plurality of pores contained in the porous polyurethane polishing pad can be adjusted. Thus, it is possible to provide a porous polyurethane polishing pad that has enhanced physical properties such as a proper level of withstand voltage, excellent polishing performance (i.e., polishing rate), and the like.

The present disclosure relates to compositions including copolymers, and methods for making compositions. In an embodiment, a composition includes the product of a copolymer comprising at least 50 mol % propylene and at least 1 wt % of at least one of ethylene or a C.sub.4 to C.sub.10 α-olefin, based on the total weight of the copolymer; and an organic peroxide. The copolymer has Mw.sub.MALLS/Mn.sub.MALLS of from 1 to 5. In an embodiment, a process to form a composition includes introducing a copolymer with an organic peroxide, the copolymer comprising at least 50 mol % propylene and at least 1 wt % of at least one of ethylene or a C.sub.4 to C.sub.10 α-olefin, based on the total weight of the copolymer; and obtaining a composition comprising a product of the copolymer and the organic peroxide. The copolymer has Mw.sub.MALLS/Mn.sub.MALLS of from 1 to 5.

The present disclosure relates to compositions including copolymers, and methods for making compositions. In an embodiment, a composition includes the product of a copolymer comprising at least 50 mol % propylene and at least 1 wt % of at least one of ethylene or a C.sub.4 to C.sub.10 α-olefin, based on the total weight of the copolymer; and an organic peroxide. The copolymer has Mw.sub.MALLS/Mn.sub.MALLS of from 1 to 5. In an embodiment, a process to form a composition includes introducing a copolymer with an organic peroxide, the copolymer comprising at least 50 mol % propylene and at least 1 wt % of at least one of ethylene or a C.sub.4 to C.sub.10 α-olefin, based on the total weight of the copolymer; and obtaining a composition comprising a product of the copolymer and the organic peroxide. The copolymer has Mw.sub.MALLS/Mn.sub.MALLS of from 1 to 5.

Methods of making a foamed article include: (a) milling a block or sheet of thermoplastic polymer to form a precursor; (b) crosslinking the thermoplastic polymer; (c) heating the precursor to a first temperature to soften the thermoplastic polymer; (d) infusing the thermoplastic polymer with at least one inert gas at a first pressure that is sufficient to cause the at least one inert gas to permeate into the softened thermoplastic polymer; and (e) while the thermoplastic polymer is softened, reducing the pressure to a second pressure below the first pressure to at least partially foam the precursor into a foamed article, wherein the foamed article is substantially the same shape as the precursor.

Methods of making a foamed article include: (a) milling a block or sheet of thermoplastic polymer to form a precursor; (b) crosslinking the thermoplastic polymer; (c) heating the precursor to a first temperature to soften the thermoplastic polymer; (d) infusing the thermoplastic polymer with at least one inert gas at a first pressure that is sufficient to cause the at least one inert gas to permeate into the softened thermoplastic polymer; and (e) while the thermoplastic polymer is softened, reducing the pressure to a second pressure below the first pressure to at least partially foam the precursor into a foamed article, wherein the foamed article is substantially the same shape as the precursor.