The present invention provides for concentrated aqueous silk fibroin solutions and an all-aqueous mode for preparation of concentrated aqueous fibroin solutions that avoids the use of organic solvents, direct additives, or harsh chemicals. The invention further provides for the use of these solutions in production of materials, e.g., fibers, films, foams, meshes, scaffolds and hydrogels.

A resin product wherein a resin B has pillar structures or lamellar structures inside a resin A is molded by kneading the resin A and the resin B that serves as a base material in an injection molding machine while heating both of the resins to at least a temperature at which both of the resins are melted at least partially. The resin product is soaked in a solution having higher erosion capability with respect to the resin A than the resin B, thereby dissolving the resin B and forming an uneven structure on the surface. As a result, an uneven structure having various shapes, densities or depths which are precisely adjustable can be formed at low cost. And provided are a resin structure and a production method thereof that can maintain wettability control or optical property control of the molded article over a long period of time.

A resin product wherein a resin B has pillar structures or lamellar structures inside a resin A is molded by kneading the resin A and the resin B that serves as a base material in an injection molding machine while heating both of the resins to at least a temperature at which both of the resins are melted at least partially. The resin product is soaked in a solution having higher erosion capability with respect to the resin A than the resin B, thereby dissolving the resin B and forming an uneven structure on the surface. As a result, an uneven structure having various shapes, densities or depths which are precisely adjustable can be formed at low cost. And provided are a resin structure and a production method thereof that can maintain wettability control or optical property control of the molded article over a long period of time.

A method for making a polymer with a porous layer from a solid piece of polymer is disclosed. In various embodiments, the method includes heating a surface of a solid piece of polymer to a processing temperature below a melting point of the polymer and holding the processing temperature while displacing a porogen layer through the surface of the polymer to create a matrix layer of the solid polymer body comprising the polymer and the porogen layer. In at least one embodiment, the method also includes removing at least a portion of the layer of porogen from the matrix layer to create a porous layer of the solid piece of polymer.

A method for making a polymer with a porous layer from a solid piece of polymer is disclosed. In various embodiments, the method includes heating a surface of a solid piece of polymer to a processing temperature below a melting point of the polymer and holding the processing temperature while displacing a porogen layer through the surface of the polymer to create a matrix layer of the solid polymer body comprising the polymer and the porogen layer. In at least one embodiment, the method also includes removing at least a portion of the layer of porogen from the matrix layer to create a porous layer of the solid piece of polymer.

A method of manufacturing a heat-fixing rubber roller includes: forming a rubber layer of a silicone rubber composition on an outer periphery of a metal core shaft, the composition containing water-soluble sugar powder and methylene glycol; vulcanizing the rubber layer; and eluting the sugar powder and the triethylene glycol from the vulcanized rubber layer to form a foam rubber layer.

An adsorption-desorption material, in particular, crosslinked organo-amine polymeric materials having a weight average molecular weight of from about 500 to about 110.sup.6, a total pore volume of from about 0.2 cubic centimeters per gram (cc/g) to about 2.0 cc/g, and an adsorption capacity of at least about 0.2 millimoles of CO.sub.2 adsorbed per gram of adsorption-desorption material, and linear organo-amine polymeric materials having a weight average molecular weight of from about 160 to about 110.sup.6, a total pore volume of from about 0.2 cubic centimeters per gram (cc/g) to about 2.0 cc/g, and an adsorption capacity of at least about 0.2 millimoles of CO.sub.2 adsorbed per gram of adsorption-desorption material. This disclosure also relates in part to processes for preparing the crosslinked organo-amine materials and linear organo-amine materials. This disclosure further relates in part to the selective removal of CO.sub.2 and/or other acid gases from a gaseous stream containing one or more of these gases using the adsorption-desorption materials.

An adsorption-desorption material, in particular, crosslinked organo-amine polymeric materials having a weight average molecular weight of from about 500 to about 110.sup.6, a total pore volume of from about 0.2 cubic centimeters per gram (cc/g) to about 2.0 cc/g, and an adsorption capacity of at least about 0.2 millimoles of CO.sub.2 adsorbed per gram of adsorption-desorption material, and linear organo-amine polymeric materials having a weight average molecular weight of from about 160 to about 110.sup.6, a total pore volume of from about 0.2 cubic centimeters per gram (cc/g) to about 2.0 cc/g, and an adsorption capacity of at least about 0.2 millimoles of CO.sub.2 adsorbed per gram of adsorption-desorption material. This disclosure also relates in part to processes for preparing the crosslinked organo-amine materials and linear organo-amine materials. This disclosure further relates in part to the selective removal of CO.sub.2 and/or other acid gases from a gaseous stream containing one or more of these gases using the adsorption-desorption materials.

A filtration filter used for filtering a liquid chemical for lithography, provided with a polyimide resin porous membrane; a filtration method including allowing a liquid chemical for lithography to pass through the filtration filter; and a production method of a purified liquid chemical product for lithography, including filtering a liquid chemical for lithography by the filtration method.

A new conductive interconnected porous film, useful as a material for a gas diffusion layer which is used in a solid polymer type fuel cell, which satisfies the requirements of a good conductivity, good gas permeability, surface smoothness, corrosion resistance, and low impurities and which is strong in bending and excellent in handling to an extent not obtainable by existing sheet materials of carbon fiber, that is, a conductive interconnected porous film wherein a resin base material part of a thermoplastic resin has a porous interconnected cell structure which is formed by removal of removable particulate matter and has cells of sizes of 10 m to 50 m and wherein the resin base material part is comprised of different particle size particles of first carbon particles of large size carbon particles of a diameter of 5 m or more and second carbon particles of micro size carbon particles of a diameter of 10 nm or more mixed together, and a method of production of the same.