A method of providing fire protection and vapor transmission resistance to a polyurethane foam insulation material, by: spraying an open cell polyurethane foam insulation onto a building structure; applying an intumescent paint onto the open cell polyurethane foam insulation; and then applying a vapor retarder paint over the intumescent paint. The vapor retarder paint may be a latex or styrene-butadiene rubber based paint, and the intumescent paint may be made of a water based acrylic or vinyl acetate copolymer and may have chemical additives that react to heat by swelling to generate a heat-insulating char layer that slows or prevents flame propagation.

The present invention is a specially prepared fibrin foam, and a method of (and equipment for) making it, which is flexible, contains either open cells, closed cells or both, and having individual cell diameters between 0.001 and 2 mm. Typical ratios of reactants, to give the desired foam characteristics, include 50 cc (45-55 cc) of whole blood (prior to separation to the plasma component) with the subsequent addition thereto of 2 ml (1.5-2.5 ml) 3% hydrogen peroxide, 5000 units (4500-5500 units) thrombin and 1 gm (0.9-1.1 g) calcium chloride in 3 cc (2-4 cc) water. The present invention also includes specialty vessels and constructs, namely, automated, or semi-automated inner containers for the non-blood reactants, and a custom outer separation vessel having a punted based with an annular base lip as well as an upper tube shape tapering inward towards its top annular opening.

The present invention is a specially prepared fibrin foam, and a method of (and equipment for) making it, which is flexible, contains either open cells, closed cells or both, and having individual cell diameters between 0.001 and 2 mm. Typical ratios of reactants, to give the desired foam characteristics, include 50 cc (45-55 cc) of whole blood (prior to separation to the plasma component) with the subsequent addition thereto of 2 ml (1.5-2.5 ml) 3% hydrogen peroxide, 5000 units (4500-5500 units) thrombin and 1 gm (0.9-1.1 g) calcium chloride in 3 cc (2-4 cc) water. The present invention also includes specialty vessels and constructs, namely, automated, or semi-automated inner containers for the non-blood reactants, and a custom outer separation vessel having a punted based with an annular base lip as well as an upper tube shape tapering inward towards its top annular opening.

There is provided a foamed sheet having the excellent impact absorbability and the excellent resistance to repetitive impacts. The foamed sheet of the present invention has an average cell diameter of 10 to 200 μm, a resiliency of 6.0 N/cm.sup.2 or less when compressed to 50% of an original thickness thereof, and a thickness recovery rate defined by the following equation of 90% or more:

thickness recovery rate (%)=(thickness 0.5 seconds after compressed state is released)/(original thickness)×100 original thickness: a thickness of the foamed sheet before a load is applied, thickness 0.5 seconds after compressed state is released: a thickness of the foamed sheet after a compressed state in which a load of 100 g/cm.sup.2 is applied to the foamed sheet is kept for 120 seconds followed by release of the foamed sheet from the compression and an elapse of 0.5 seconds from the release.

There is provided a foamed sheet having the excellent impact absorbability and the excellent resistance to repetitive impacts. The foamed sheet of the present invention has an average cell diameter of 10 to 200 μm, a resiliency of 6.0 N/cm.sup.2 or less when compressed to 50% of an original thickness thereof, and a thickness recovery rate defined by the following equation of 90% or more:

thickness recovery rate (%)=(thickness 0.5 seconds after compressed state is released)/(original thickness)×100 original thickness: a thickness of the foamed sheet before a load is applied, thickness 0.5 seconds after compressed state is released: a thickness of the foamed sheet after a compressed state in which a load of 100 g/cm.sup.2 is applied to the foamed sheet is kept for 120 seconds followed by release of the foamed sheet from the compression and an elapse of 0.5 seconds from the release.

A shock-absorbing sheet comprises a foamed resin layer having a thickness of 200 μm or less, a void ratio (P.sub.0.1) of a plane directional cross section at a thickness of 0.1 T, a void ratio (P.sub.0.5) of a plane directional cross section at a thickness of 0.5 T, and a void ratio (P.sub.0.9) of a plane directional cross section at a thickness of 0.9 T from one surface of the foamed resin layer each ranging from 10 to 70 area %; and the standard deviation (Pσ) for an average void ratio found from the void ratio (P.sub.0.1), the void ratio (P.sub.0.5) and the void ratio (P.sub.0.9) ranging from 1.0 to 20.

A foam containing a nitrile group-containing conjugated diene copolymer and a urethane polymer, wherein relative to 100 wt % of the sum of the nitrile group-containing conjugated diene copolymer and the urethane polymer, the nitrile group-containing conjugated diene copolymer is present in an amount of less than 90 wt % and the urethane polymer is present in an amount of more than 10 wt %, the nitrile group-containing conjugated diene copolymer contains ethylenically unsaturated nitrile monomer units in an amount of more than 31 wt %, the foam has a density of 0.08 to 0.30 g/cm.sup.3, and in observation of an arbitrary cross section of the foam, air bubble cross sections present in the cross section have an average diameter of 350 μm or less, and the number of air bubble cross sections with a diameter of 0.6 mm or more present in the cross section is 0.062 per mm.sup.2 or less.

A foam containing a nitrile group-containing conjugated diene copolymer and a urethane polymer, wherein relative to 100 wt % of the sum of the nitrile group-containing conjugated diene copolymer and the urethane polymer, the nitrile group-containing conjugated diene copolymer is present in an amount of less than 90 wt % and the urethane polymer is present in an amount of more than 10 wt %, the nitrile group-containing conjugated diene copolymer contains ethylenically unsaturated nitrile monomer units in an amount of more than 31 wt %, the foam has a density of 0.08 to 0.30 g/cm.sup.3, and in observation of an arbitrary cross section of the foam, air bubble cross sections present in the cross section have an average diameter of 350 μm or less, and the number of air bubble cross sections with a diameter of 0.6 mm or more present in the cross section is 0.062 per mm.sup.2 or less.

A method for manufacturing a breast implant includes producing an elastic filler material including foam, by applying a source of gas bubbles to a silicone monomer to create a mixture. The mixture is inserted into a sealed chamber. After inserting the mixture, a pressure inside the sealed chamber is set to a first pressure, and a temperature of the mixture inside the sealed chamber is set to a first temperature. Then, following a preset time duration, the pressure is lowered to a second pressure that is lower than the first pressure, and after a given time, the temperature is lowered to a second temperature that is lower than the first temperature. A flexible shell, configured for implantation within a breast of a human subject, is filled with the elastic filler material.

The present invention provides a foamed urethane sheet which is formed from an aqueous urethane resin composition containing a urethane resin (A), an aqueous medium (B), and a surfactant (C) having 10 or more carbon atoms, and has a density of 200 to 1,000 kg/m.sup.3. Further, the present invention provides a synthetic leather having at least a substrate (i) and a polyurethane layer (ii), wherein the polyurethane layer (ii) is formed from the foamed urethane sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 4. The polyurethane layer (ii) may be embossed. The surfactant (C) is preferably a stearic acid salt, and the urethane resin (A) which has an anionic group, and has a flow starting temperature of 80° C. or higher is preferably used.