The use of long-chain citric acid esters as additives in aqueous polymer dispersions for production of porous polymer coatings, preferably for production of porous polyurethane coatings, is described.

The use of long-chain citric acid esters as additives in aqueous polymer dispersions for production of porous polymer coatings, preferably for production of porous polyurethane coatings, is described.

An aqueous non-foamed functional composition formulation is disposed on a foamed opacifying layer in light-blocking, foamed opacifying elements. This non-foamed functional composition formulation has 0.5-15% solids and essential (i) and (iv) components and optional (ii), (v), (vi), and (vii) components. The components (i) untreated synthetic silica (fumed silica or precipitated silica) at 0.5-10 weight %; and a (iv) water-soluble or water-dispersible organic polymeric binder having a glass transition temperature (T.sub.g) below 25° C. The weight ratio of the (i) untreated synthetic silica to the (iv) water-soluble or water-dispersible organic polymeric binder is 10:1 to 1:1. The optional components include: a (ii) solid or non-solid lubricant; a (v) crosslinking agent; a (vi) thickener; and a (vii) coating aid. Glass particles can also be present. The presence of the (i) untreated synthetic silica provides improved brightness, e.g. an L* value of at least 80, and uniform coatings in the resulting, foamed opacifying element.

The presently disclosed subject matter is directed to a method of making a foam, specifically, the development of isocyanate-free foams using at least one unsaturated polyester. The at least one unsaturated polyester is a reaction product of at least one unsaturated cyclic anhydride, dicyclopentadiene, and at least one polyol. The disclosed formulation further comprises at least one reactive diluent and at least one initiator. The disclosed formulations are cured by a free radical mechanism.

The presently disclosed subject matter is directed to a method of making a foam, specifically, the development of isocyanate-free foams using at least one unsaturated polyester. The at least one unsaturated polyester is a reaction product of at least one unsaturated cyclic anhydride, dicyclopentadiene, and at least one polyol. The disclosed formulation further comprises at least one reactive diluent and at least one initiator. The disclosed formulations are cured by a free radical mechanism.

A method of manufacturing a thermally insulating product comprises: (a) forming a mixture comprising solvent and gel network former and optionally foaming agent; (b) dispersing a thermally insulating filler in the mixture; and (c) drying the mixture to form the thermally insulating product.

A method of manufacturing a thermally insulating product comprises: (a) forming a mixture comprising solvent and gel network former and optionally foaming agent; (b) dispersing a thermally insulating filler in the mixture; and (c) drying the mixture to form the thermally insulating product.

A method for preparing a novel waterborne polyurethane foam layer for synthetic leather is disclosed. The method includes first preparing a charged cellulose nanofiber by using a wood pulp as a raw material; meanwhile, subjecting a polyisocyanate, a macromolecular diol, a hydrophilic chain extender and a small molecular chain extender to a polyaddition reaction and an acid-base neutralization reaction in sequence, to obtain a cationic or anionic waterborne polyurethane; adding the charged cellulose nanofiber and a certain amount of a crosslinking agent to the oppositely charged ionic waterborne polyurethane emulsion, stirring the resulting mixture, forming a bimolecular layer at the gas/liquid interface by a self-assembly of the cellulose nanofiber and waterborne polyurethane nanoparticles through electrostatic interactions to obtain a stable Pickering foam; using the stable Pickering foam as a template, drying and solidifying to obtain the waterborne polyurethane foam layer for synthetic leather.

The present invention provides fire-retarded rigid polyurethane foam comprising the reaction product of polyol and isocyanate foam forming components and a dialkyl phosphorus-containing compound, namely a reactive mono-hydroxyl-functional dialkyl phosphinates, as flame retardant, serving as highly efficient reactive flame retardant in said rigid polyurethane foam.

The present invention provides fire-retarded rigid polyurethane foam comprising the reaction product of polyol and isocyanate foam forming components and a dialkyl phosphorus-containing compound, namely a reactive mono-hydroxyl-functional dialkyl phosphinates, as flame retardant, serving as highly efficient reactive flame retardant in said rigid polyurethane foam.