Aerogel, calcined articles, and crystalline articles comprising ZrO.sub.2. Exemplary uses of the crystalline metal oxide articles include dental articles (e.g., restoratives, replacements, inlays, onlays, veneers, full and partial crowns, bridges, implants, implant abutments, copings, anterior fillings, posterior fillings, and cavity liner, and bridge frameworks) and orthodontic appliances (e.g., brackets, buccal tubes, cleats, and buttons).

The present invention relates to a process for preparing a porous material, at least comprising the steps of providing a mixture (I) comprising a composition (A) comprising components suitable to form an organic gel and a solvent (B), reacting the components in the composition (A) in the presence of the solvent (B) to form a gel, and drying of the gel obtained in step b), wherein the composition (A) comprises at least one monool (am). The invention further relates to the porous materials which can be obtained in this way and the use of the porous materials as thermal insulation material and in vacuum insulation panels, in particular in interior or exterior thermal insulation systems.

Provided are porogen compositions and methods of using such porogen compositions in the manufacture of porous materials, for example, porous silicone elastomers. The porogens generally include comprising a core material and shell material different from the core material. The porogens can be used to form a scaffold for making a resulting porous elastomer when the scaffold is removed.

Aerogel, calcined articles, and crystalline articles comprising ZrO.sub.2. Exemplary uses of the crystalline metal oxide articles include dental articles (e.g., restoratives, replacements, inlays, onlays, veneers, full and partial crowns, bridges, implants, implant abutments, copings, anterior fillings, posterior fillings, and cavity liner, and bridge frameworks) and orthodontic appliances (e.g., brackets, buccal tubes, cleats, and buttons).

A method of manufacturing a heat-fixing rubber roller includes: forming a rubber layer of a silicone rubber composition on an outer periphery of a metal core shaft, the composition containing water-soluble sugar powder and methylene glycol; vulcanizing the rubber layer; and eluting the sugar powder and the triethylene glycol from the vulcanized rubber layer to form a foam rubber layer.

A filtration filter used for filtering a liquid chemical for lithography, provided with a polyimide resin porous membrane; a filtration method including allowing a liquid chemical for lithography to pass through the filtration filter; and a production method of a purified liquid chemical product for lithography, including filtering a liquid chemical for lithography by the filtration method.

Provided are porogen compositions and methods of using such porogen compositions in the manufacture of porous materials, for example, porous silicone elastomers. The porogens generally include comprising a core material and shell material different from the core material. The porogens can be used to form a scaffold for making a resulting porous elastomer when the scaffold is removed.

The present invention concerns a material, based on fibrillar, elongated, or disk-like colloidal particles, that has a high scattering efficiency, a method that is suitable for preparing such a material, and the use of such a material. The material can be used as, or as a part of, a pigment, paint or protective coating in various industries, but due to its high scattering, and due to the fact that the material appears white even as a thin membrane, it is an interesting option also in the paper and pulp, cosmetic and medical industries.

Disclosed herein are new types of foam insulation, and in particular, foam insulation for the exterior surfaces of residential, industrial, institutional or commercial buildings made using new silicone spray foam systems. These inventions relate to isocyanate-free foams used for thermal insulation, flame-retardancy and water resistance. The foams are prepared from silicone polymers with non-fluorinated blowing agents and can be used in the construction industry.