A phenolic foam formed from a composition comprising a phenolic resin, a blowing agent, an acid catalyst, and a surfactant comprising: (i) an ethoxylated castor oil, and (ii) a polysiloxane comprising a side chain comprising polyethylene oxide wherein the total molecular weight of the polyethylene oxide of the side chain comprises less than 50% of the total molecular weight of the polysiloxane.

A flexible discontinuous process produces a series of at least two articles containing thermally insulating polyurethane foam from at least three streams (A), (B) and (C). The process involves mixing the at least three streams with different mixing ratios and injecting the mixture into cavities of the articles. A production unit can be used for performing this process.

A thermoplastic resin foam including a thermoplastic resin, wherein: the thermoplastic resin includes a polyester resin and a polyimide resin, and the thermoplastic resin foam shows a single glass transition temperature Tg. The glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic resin is preferably 80 to 130° C. An absolute value of difference between heat absorption and heat generation, each determined by heat flux differential scanning calorimetry at a heating rate of 10° C./min, is preferably 3 to 35 J/g.

A method for producing a polyurethane foam includes mixing and reacting a polyurethane foam raw material containing a polyol, an isocyanate, a foaming agent, and a catalyst, wherein the polyurethane foam raw material contains sodium bicarbonate and an organic solid acid such as citric acid or malic acid.

A thermoformable and biodegradable cellulose acetate composition comprising at least one cellulose acetate and either polyethylene glycol or m ethoxy polyethylene glycol are disclosed. The compositions are formed into films, sheets, and articles.

A spacer used in an electrical device that sends and receives radio waves comprises a foam that contains a resin composition containing a thermoplastic or thermosetting resin as a base resin. When the foam is not a bead foam, a ratio (B/A) of an average diameter B of central section cells relative to an average diameter A of surface layer cells is not less than 0.3 and less than 3.0. When the foam is a bead foam, a ratio (B′/A′) of an average diameter B′ of center cells relative to an average diameter A′ of outermost layer cells is not less than 0.3 and less than 3.0. Water absorption of the resin composition in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment is 2.2 mass % or less, and (εr).sup.1/2×tan δ (εr: relative permittivity, tan δ: a dielectric dissipation factor) is 0.0120 or less at 28 GHz.

The present invention is directed to compositions comprising polylactone melt, extrudate, and processes for producing a foam. In exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the processes comprise: heating a polylactone composition containing a biobased polylactone in a reaction vessel; and subjecting the polylactone composition to molding to give a foamed structure.

A thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) foam product with high flatness, and a preparation method and a use thereof are provided. The TPU foam product is prepared by processing aliphatic thermoplastic polyurethane (ATPU) beads with a melting range of 20° C. to 50° C. and a melting point of 90° C. to 160° C. by a physical gas foaming process to obtain foamed ATPU beads and heating the foamed ATPU beads with a heat source to make the foamed ATPU beads fused. The TPU foam product with high flatness has a density of 0.08 g/cm.sup.3 to 0.8 g/cm.sup.3 and a flatness value of less than 2 mm, and the flatness value is determined by a fixed-length ruler. The TPU foam product not only has high flatness such that diversified designs are allowed for a surface of the product, but also has high resilience.

The present disclosure provides minimum-boiling, homogeneous azeotropic and azeotrope-like compositions of 1,2,2-trifluoro-1-trifluoromethylcyclobutane (“TFMCB”) with each of ethanol, n-pentane, cyclopentane, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, and perfluoro(2-methyl-3-pentanone).

The present application provides foams having improved insulation and thermal performance and processes of forming said foams. Exemplary foams described herein are prepared according to a process comprising reacting a foamable composition comprising a blowing agent and one or more nucleating agents, under conditions effective to form the foam.