The present invention relates to compositions for use in refrigeration, air-conditioning, and heat pump systems wherein the composition comprises a fluoroolefin and at least one other component. The compositions of the present invention are useful in processes for producing cooling or heat, as heat transfer fluids, foam blowing agents, aerosol propellants, and fire suppression and fire extinguishing agents.

A process is described for producing PU foams, especially rigid PU foams, based on foamable reaction mixtures containing polyisocyanates, compounds having reactive hydrogen atoms, blowing agents, foam stabilizers, and possibly further additives, wherein specific perfluoropolyethers are additionally used.

Heat-expandable microspheres including a thermoplastic resin shell and a thermally-vaporizable blowing agent encapsulated therein. The thermoplastic resin is produced by polymerizing a polymerizable component containing (A) a nitrile monomer including acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile, (B) a carboxyl-group-containing monomer, and (C) a monomer copolymerizable with the nitrile monomer (A) and the carboxyl-group-containing monomer (B). Further, the amount of the acrylonitrile in the nitrile monomer (A) ranges from 0.1 to 9 wt % based on the nitrile monomer (A). Also disclosed are hollow particles manufactured by heating and expanding the heat-expandable microspheres; a composition containing a base compound and at least one particulate material selected from the heat-expandable microspheres and the hollow particles; and a formed product manufactured by molding or applying a coat of the composition.

A polymer solution is created by mixing an olefin-based resin and a solvent in a pressure vessel. A high-pressure fluid of carbon dioxide is created. Temperature of the high-pressure fluid is adjusted. A mixed fluid is created by mixing the high-pressure fluid of which the temperature is adjusted and the polymer solution in the pressure vessel. Cooling of the mixed fluid causes phase separation of the mixed fluid to occur. After phase separation, pressure in the pressure vessel is released, and the solvent and the carbon dioxide vaporize. The vaporizing of the solvent and the carbon dioxide creates a porous medium of olefin-based resin.

An organic amine salt compounds of general formula A.sup.n−[B.sup.m+].sub.p (I) is disclosed, wherein A.sup.n− is a CO.sub.2-donating anion with a valence of −n, wherein n=1, 2 or 3; each B.sup.m+ comprises: ammonium ion, hydrazinium ion and/or organic amine B cation; wherein $m=1\text{-}10;0<p\le \frac{n}{m};$
and wherein A.sup.n− is one or more selected from a group consisting of following anions: (a) carbamate orcarbazate; (b) carbonate; (c) formate; (d) bicarbonate; (e) organic monocarbonate; (f) organic poly-carbamate; (g) orthoformate; or (h) organic poly-carbonate. The compound of general formula (I) has at least one of hydroxyalkyl group linked to N atom, i.e., has alkanolamine residue. They can be used as polyurethane foaming agent, and most of them can be used as polystyrene foaming agent or polyvinyl choride foaming agent.

Polyol premixes and thermally insulating rigid polyurethane foams, such as those that can be used as a thermal insulation medium in the construction of refrigerated storage devices, are disclosed. A polymer polyol having a OH number of greater than 260 mg KOH/g is utilized. The resulting polyurethane foams can exhibit improved thermal insulation properties without sacrificing other important physical and processing properties.

A process for producing a polyurethane or polyisocyanurate construction board, the process comprising of providing an A-side reactant stream that includes an isocyanate-containing compound; providing a B-side reactant stream that includes a polyol, where the B-side reactant steam includes a blowing agent mixture including isopentane and a blowing agent additive that has a Hansen Solubility Parameter (δ.sub.t) that is greater than 15 MPa.sup.0.5; and mixing the A-side reactant stream with the B-side reactant stream to produce a reaction mixture.

An aerosol can configuration includes an outer can, an inner container and a spray head with a discharge element. The spray head has an outlet valve connected to the interior of the outer can and an outlet valve connected to the interior of the inner container. The two outlet valves are opened jointly by pressing on the spray head, so that the contents of the outer can and the contents of the inner container jointly enter the discharge element. To form a foam, the outer can contains at least 30-70% by weight isocyanate, in particular diphenylmethane 4,4′-diisocyanate, 3-15% by weight polyol with an OH number of less than 300, and 5-30% by weight liquid gas at a critical temperature of ≥+70° C. At least 5-30% by weight polyol with an OH number of more than 300, and 1-10% by weight liquid gas with a critical temperature of ≥+70° C. are contained in the inner container.

Compositions for producing a rigid polyurethane foam are described, comprising at least one isocyanate component, a polyol component, optionally a catalyst which catalyzes the formation of a urethane or isocyanurate bond, wherein the composition has hydrocarbons having 3, 4 or 5 carbon atoms, hydrofluorocarbons, hydrofluoroolefins (HFO), hydrohaloolefins, oxygen-containing blowing agents and/or chlorohydrocarbons as blowing agent, and also comprises acrylate and/or methacrylate copolymers as foam stabilizers.

The present technology provides a method of manufacturing a rigid polyurethane foam having a low thermal conductivity from a foam composition comprising a polyol, an isocyanate, a polyurethane catalyst, a surfactant, water, a modified phenolic resin, optionally a physical blowing agent, and optionally a fire retardant.