The invention relates to flame-proofed polyurethane hard foam material or polyurethane/polyisocyanurate hard foam material (designated below individually or jointly also as “PUR/PIR hard foam material”) comprising phosphinates (also hypophosphite), and to a method for producing PUR/PIR hard foam materials through the implementation of a reaction mixture containing A1 an isocyanate-reactive component, A2 propellant, A3 catalyst, A4 optionally additive, A5 flame-proofing agent, B an isocyanate component, characterised in that the flame-proofing agent A5 contains a phosphine according to the formula (I)M[(R).sub.2PO.sub.2].sub.n, where R=in each case stands for H, C1- to C4-(hydroxy-)alkyl group or benzyl group, M=an element of the main groups 1 to 3, wherein hydrogen is excepted, and n=the number of the main group of M, and the proportion of the phosphine according to the formula (I) is 0.1 to 15 wt %, based on the total mass of components A1 to A5.

A polyol component P) contains at least three different polyether polyols A) to C), and at least one polyether ester polyol D). A process for producing rigid polyurethane foams using the polyol component P) and the rigid polyurethane foams produced therefrom can be utilized.

A method of producing a closed-cell and rigid foam. The method comprises reacting an isocyanate composition including one or more polyisocyanates and a polyol composition including one or more polyols including one or more aromatic polyester polyols having a hydroxyl functionality of greater than 2 and one or more physical and/or chemical blowing agents including methylal to form a closed-cell and rigid foam configured to retain at least 85% of an initial volume of the closed-cell and rigid foam when exposed to about 97% relative humidity at about 70° C. for at least seven or more days.

A microballoon according to the present invention contains, in a surface layer of the microballoon, a polymerizable functional group having reactivity with an iso(thio)cyanate group, and the microballoon has a particle diameter of 10 μm to 200 μm. When the microballoon according to the present invention is used in a CMP polishing pad, excellent polishing characteristics and excellent durability of the polishing pad can be exhibited.

The present invention relates to novel PMMA foams and the production thereof. Here, polymers which have been obtained by copolymerization of methacrylamides such as N-isopropylmethacrylamide and without styrene are foamed. It has surprisingly been possible to establish that a stable, simple-to-produce PMMA foam which has very good properties, e.g. a very high compressive strength, and can be joined more simply to covering layers, especially in comparison with known PMMA foams, can be obtained according to the invention.

A rigid foam-forming composition including (a) at least one isocyanate component; (b) at least one polyol component; (c) at least one blowing agent; (d) at least one catalyst; (e) at least one surfactant; and (f) at least one silane component. The foam-forming composition provides a foam having an increased adhesion when the foam is adhered to a substrate. The foam-forming composition can be particularly suitable for fabricating a panel structure including a foam core disposed in between a first and second facing material.

The invention provides polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams and methods for the preparation thereof. More particularly, the invention relates to open-celled, polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams and methods for their preparation. The foams are characterized by a fine uniform cell structure and little or no foam collapse. The foams are produced with a polyol premix composition which comprises a combination of a hydrohaloolefin blowing agent, a polyol, a silicone surfactant, and a sterically hindered amine catalyst.

Various embodiments disclosed relate to pore inducers and porous abrasive forms made using the same. In various embodiments, the present invention provides a method of forming a porous abrasive form including heating an abrasive composition including pore inducers to form the porous abrasive form. During the heating the pore inducers in the porous abrasive form reduce in volume to form induced pores in the porous abrasive form.

A synthetic resin formulation can be made using a styrenic polymer created via the depolymerization of a polystyrene feedstock. In some embodiments the polystyrene feedstock contains recycled polystyrene foam. In some embodiments, the styrenic polymer has a molecular weight similar to virgin polystyrene. In some embodiments, the styrenic polymer has a higher molecular weight and reduces the amount of virgin polystyrene needed for a synthetic resin formulation. In some embodiments, the styrenic polymer has a lower molecular weight and increases the amount of recycled polystyrene that can be used in a synthetic resin formulation by increasing and homogenizing the melt flow of the recycled polystyrene. The synthetic resin formulation can be used to make expanded, extruded, and/or graphite polystyrene foam products, as well as rigid polystyrene and ABS products.

A cleaning article for cleaning a target surface is provided that includes a substrate having a first surface and second surface and a rheological solid composition comprising a crystallizing agent and an aqueous phase.