A polyurethane insulation foam composition is disclosed herein. The polyurethane insulation foam comprises: (i) an isocyanate compound; (ii) an isocyanate reactive compound; (iii) water; (iv) a tertiary amine compound; (v) a hydrophilic carboxylic acid compound; (vi) a halogenated olefin compound; and (vii) optionally, other additives.

Polyurethane foams which are highly flame resistant are described, as well as the production of such polyurethane foams by the reaction between a natural polyol, such as sucrose or a blend of mono- or disaccharides in place of the standard hydrocarbon-based polyol component, a polyisocyanate and water in the presence of a suitable polyurethane forming catalyst and a non-halogenated flame retardant, and optionally one or more components such as surfactants and/or emulsifiers. The resultant polyurethane foam has a bio-based solid content ranging from about 17% to 30%, may be formulated in a variety of foam densities for a variety of applications, and exhibits a high degree of fire and burn resistance, as exhibited by the flame spread index, flash over resistance determination, and the smoke spread values.

Disclosed are the use of fluorine substituted olefins, including tetra- and penta-fluoropropenes, in a variety of applications, including in methods of depositing catalyst on a solid support, methods of sterilizing articles, cleaning methods and compositions, methods of applying medicaments, fire extinguishing/suppression compositions and methods, flavor formulations, fragrance formulations and inflating agents.

A composition is provided comprising 55 to 75 wt % Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene and 45 to 25 wt % E-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene, the combined weight of these isomers totaling 100 wt %, along with a process comprising forming a foamed reaction product obtained by reacting polyisocyanate with active hydrogen-containing compound such as polyol in the presence of this composition as a blowing agent to obtain the foamed reaction product, such as polyurethane or polyisocyanurate.

The present invention provides a process comprising reacting polyisocyanate with active hydrogen-containing compound in the presence of Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene at a temperature of at least 135 F. (57.2 C.) or a temperature of 135 F. (57.2 C.) to 150 F. (65.6 C.) to obtain as a result thereof, foamed reaction product, wherein the thermal conductivity of the foamed reaction product exhibits no appreciable change at any of the foaming temperatures within this range.

Disclosed are the use of fluorine substituted olefins, including tetra- and penta-fluoropropenes, in a variety of applications, including in methods of depositing catalyst on a solid support, methods of sterilizing articles, cleaning methods and compositions, methods of applying medicaments, fire extinguishing/suppression compositions and methods, flavor formulations, fragrance formulations and inflating agents.

A method of producing a foam is disclosed. The method includes providing an epoxy-containing compound, a cationic catalyst, an optional blowing agent, and at least one additive. The method further includes combining the epoxy-containing compound with the cationic catalyst, the optional blowing agent, and the at least one additive, wherein the epoxy-containing compound and the cationic catalyst react to polymerize the epoxy-containing compound to provide the foam having a density from about 0.3 lbs/ft.sup.3 to about 5.0 lbs/ft.sup.3 as measured by ASTM D1622. Further disclosed are the foam and a method for installing the foam.

Disclosed are the use of fluorine substituted olefins, including tetra- and penta-fluoropropenes, in a variety of applications, including in methods of depositing catalyst on a solid support, methods of sterilizing articles, cleaning methods and compositions, methods of applying medicaments, fire extinguishing/suppression compositions and methods, flavor formulations, fragrance formulations and inflating agents.

Polyurethane foams which are highly flame resistant are described, as well as the production of such polyurethane foams by the reaction between a natural polyol, such as sucrose or a blend of mono- or disaccharides in place of the standard hydrocarbon-based polyol component, a polyisocyanate and water in the presence of a suitable polyurethane forming catalyst and a non-halogenated flame retardant, and optionally one or more components such as surfactants and/or emulsifiers. The resultant polyurethane foam has a bio-based solid content ranging from about 17% to 30%, may be formulated in a variety of foam densities for a variety of applications, and exhibits a high degree of fire and burn resistance, as exhibited by the flame spread index, flash over resistance determination, and the smoke spread values.

The present invention relates to compositions for use in refrigeration, air-conditioning, and heat pump systems wherein the composition comprises a fluoroolefin and at least one other component. The compositions of the present invention are useful in processes for producing cooling or heat, as heat transfer fluids, foam blowing agents, aerosol propellants, and fire suppression and fire extinguishing agents.