The present disclosure generally relates to systems and methods for composites, including short-fiber films and other composites. In certain aspects, composites comprising a plurality of aligned fibers are provided. The fibers may be substantially aligned, and may be present at relatively high densities within the composite. For example, the composite may include substantially aligned carbon fibers embedded within a thermoplastic substrate. The composites may be prepared, in some aspects, by dispersing fibers by neutralizing the electrostatic interactions between the fibers, for example using aqueous liquids containing the fibers that are able to neutralize the electrostatic interactions that typically occur between the fibers. The liquids may be applied to a substrate, and the fibers may be aligned using techniques such as shear flow and/or magnetism. Other aspects are generally directed to methods of using such composites, kits including such composites, or the like.

The present invention provides a nanoparticle containing a hydrophobic fluorescent substance accumulated therein and a thermosetting resin as a matrix, which nanoparticle, when used for labeling of a biological substance such as a protein or nucleic acid, has brightness sufficient for allowing pathological diagnosis using a fluorescence image obtained thereby. The present invention is a phosphor integrated dots nanoparticles wherein a thermosetting resin contains a structural unit formed from a raw material containing a hydrophobic substituent, and wherein a fluorescent substance is accumulated in the nanoparticle at least by hydrophobic interaction, preferably further by stacking interaction, with the hydrophobic substituent of the thermosetting resin.

The present application relates to a composition for 3D printing, a 3D printing method using the same, and a three-dimensional shape comprising the same, and provides a composition for 3D printing capable of embodying a precise formation of a three-dimensional shape using a ceramic material and a uniform curing property of the three-dimensional shape.

A thermoplastic composite sheet may be composed of a polymer material matrix and a lightweight material that is disposed throughout the polymer material matrix. The polymer material matrix may extend continuously throughout a length, width, and thickness of the thermoplastic composite sheet. The polymer material matrix may be a fully polymerized thermoplastic material. The lightweight material may be fully saturated by the thermoplastic material of the polymer material matrix. The thermoplastic composite sheet may include between 50 and 99 weight percent of the thermoplastic material and between 1 and 50 weight percent of the lightweight material. The thermoplastic composite sheet may be free of reinforcing fibers.

A method for manufacturing a structure material is a method for manufacturing a structure material that includes a thermoplastic resin, reinforced fibers, and voids. The method includes: a first process for arranging a structure precursor comprising the thermoplastic resin and the reinforced fibers in a mold with a surface temperature of 80 C. or less; a second process for raising the surface temperature of the mold up to a temperature at which a storage elastic modulus (G) of the structure precursor is less than 1.210.sup.8 Pa; a third process for lowering the surface temperature of the mold down to a temperature at which the storage elastic modulus (G) of the structure precursor is 1.210.sup.8 Pa or more; and a fourth process for removing a structure material obtained after end of the third process from the mold.

A lubricating system includes a machine configured to operate in a first operating state and a second operating state; and a heat activated polymer material applied to at least a part of the machine and to remain solid during the first operating state and to soften upon being heated in the second operating state to lubricate the machine. The heat activated polymer material may soften due to increased friction incurred by the machine in the second operating state. A heating element may be operatively connected to any of the machine and the heat activated polymer material. The heat activated polymer material may soften due to being heated by the heating element in the second operating state. An injector may apply the heat activated polymer material to the machine. A channel may direct a flow of the heat activated polymer material as it softens in the second operating state.

Graphene fibers made from a graphene film formed into an elongated fiber-like shape and composite materials made from the graphene fibers. The graphene film has amine groups formed on at least an outer surface of the graphene film and epoxide groups formed on at least one edge of the graphene film. The amine groups are formed in a functionalized area on the outer surface of the graphene film that is within about 10 microns from the at least one edge of the graphene film, or the functionalized area may extend the entire width of the graphene film. The graphene film may also have holes formed through the graphene film. The elongated fiber-like shapes may be the graphene film in a rolled spiral orientation or the graphene film in a twisted formation.

A resin composition comprising a thermosetting resin, a functional group-modified copolymer, and an inorganic filler, wherein the functional group-modified copolymer has two or more alkyl (meth)acrylate units, or one or two or more alkyl (meth)acrylate units and an acrylonitrile unit, and at least a part of alkyl ester groups of the alkyl (meth)acrylate units and/or a cyano group of the acrylonitrile unit are/is modified with at least one selected from the group consisting of an epoxy group, a carboxyl group, and an amide group.

An object of the present invention is to provide a carbon fiber which exhibits excellent strength development rate when used in a composite material. The present invention that solves the problems is a carbon fiber which simultaneously satisfies the following formulae (1) and (2):

Lc/d3(1)

TSdLc>6.010.sup.5(2) wherein: Lc is an X-ray crystallite size (), d is a filament diameter (m), and TS is a strand tensile strength (MPa).

A method of making a carbon nanotube heater includes impregnating a dry carbon nanotube fiber matrix with a conductive resin, the conductive resin is made of an organic resin and a conductive filler material. The carbon nanotube heater is lightweight, strong, and maintains appropriate electrical conductivity and resistance for use as a heater.