The present disclosure provides a method of processing shell material. Shell material processed in accordance with the methods disclosed herein may be biodegradable and may further represent a new type of useful material. By way of example, the processed shell material may be useable as a material to make useful materials, items, objects and/or tools.

A method for sterilizing and decontaminating post-consumer absorbent products polluted with organic compounds derived from human metabolism including drug residues, the post-consumer absorbent sanitary products comprising fractions of plastic, super-absorbent polymers (SAP), and optionally cellulose, the method including at least the steps of: sterilizing (SR) the absorbent sanitary post-consumer products by heating to a temperature equal to or less than 140° C., and to a pressure lower than 4 bar, decontaminating (DC) the post-consumer absorbent sanitary products of organic compounds by treating with an oxidizing composition comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of hydrogen peroxide, sodium percarbonate, potassium percarbonate, sodium perborate, potassium perborate, potassium monopersulfate, ammonium persulfate, sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate, and ozone. The at least one compound is contained in the oxidizing composition in an amount equal to or greater than 2% by weight with respect to the dry weight of the post-consumer absorbent sanitary products.

The present invention is directed to a packaging material free from aluminium in the form of a continuous foil or film, comprising a layer of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC), wherein the layer comprising MFC has been laminated or coated on at least one side with a heat-sealable material. The MFC layer contains at least 60% by weight of microfibrillated cellulose. The present invention is also directed to a method for induction sealing, wherein a packaging material to be heat-sealed by induction is placed against an induction heating surface.

Provided herein are composite scaffold biomaterials including two or more scaffold biomaterial subunits, each including a decellularized plant or fungal tissue from which cellular materials and nucleic acids of the tissue are removed, the decellularized plant or fungal tissue having a 3-dimensional porous structure, the two or more scaffold biomaterial subunits being assembled into the composite scaffold biomaterial and held together via gel casting using a hydrogel glue; via complementary interlocking geometry of the two or more scaffold biomaterial subunits; via guided assembly based biolithography (GAB); via chemical cross-linking; or any combinations thereof. Methods for producing such scaffold biomaterials, as well as methods and uses thereof, are also provided.

Provided is novel porous cellulose having functionality that is not imparted to porous cellulose composed of unsubstituted cellulose, and a method for producing the same. Porous cellulose containing: unsubstituted cellulose; and a glucose unit-containing polymer excluding unsubstituted cellulose, wherein a content of the polymer is not more than 20 mass % in 100 mass % of a total of the polymer and the unsubstituted cellulose.

Provided are porous cellulose particles containing chitosan and having predetermined pores on a surface and a predetermined particle diameter, and a method for producing the porous cellulose particles. Porous cellulose particles including unsubstituted cellulose and chitosan, wherein a content of the chitosan is not greater than 20 mass % in a total of 100 mass % of the unsubstituted cellulose and the chitosan, pores having a diameter from 0.05 to 5 μm are observed in an image of surfaces of the porous cellulose particles observed by a scanning electron microscope, and a proportion of porous cellulose particles having a particle diameter from 10 to 200 μm is not less than 90 mass %.

Described herein is an anti-reflective film including: a hard coating layer; and a low-refractive layer containing a binder resin and hollow inorganic nanoparticles and solid inorganic nanoparticles dispersed in the binder resin. The hollow and solid inorganic particles are dispersed in the low-refractive layer such that the amount of the solid inorganic nanoparticles positioned close to an interface between the hard coating layer and the low-refractive layer is larger than that of the hollow inorganic nanoparticles. Also described is a manufacturing method of the anti-reflective film including: applying a resin composition containing a photopolymerizable compound or a (co)polymer thereof, a fluorine-containing compound including a photoreactive functional group, a photoinitiator, hollow inorganic nanoparticles, and solid inorganic nanoparticles on a hard coating layer, and drying the applied resin composition at a temperature of 35° C. to 100° C.; and photocuring the dried resin composition.

A method for continuously providing a treated cellulose-comprising starting material (110), in particular as starting material for manufacturing a cellulosic molded body (102), is provided. The method comprises: i) supplying (10) a cellulose-comprising starting material (101), which in particular is a solid matter, with a predefined composition to a reactor device (105), ii) continuously treating (20) the starting material (101) in the reactor device (105), to obtain the treated cellulose-comprising starting material (110), and iii) discharging (30) the treated cellulose-comprising starting material (110) from the reactor device (105).

A method for providing a treated cellulose-comprising starting material (110), in particular a starting material for forming a, in particular regenerated, cellulosic molded body (102) is described. The method comprises: i) supplying a cellulose-comprising starting material (101) which comprises cellulosic fibers, and treating (20) the cellulose-comprising starting material (101), to obtain the treated cellulose-comprising starting material (110), such that the cellulose fibers of the treated cellulose-comprising starting material (110) comprises a predetermined fiber length distribution. Furthermore, a method for manufacturing a cellulosic molded body (102), a treated cellulose-comprising starting material (110), and a use of used textiles are described.

There is provided a method of producing a sheet comprising fibrillated cellulose, comprising the steps of: a) providing chemically modified cellulose fibres in which a chargeable moiety has been introduced and the C.sub.2-C.sub.3 bond has been broken in at least part of the D-glucose units, wherein the charge density measured according to SCAN-CM 65:02 is 150-1500 μeq/g; b) forming a fibre web by dewatering a slurry comprising the modified cellulose fibres; and c) adding a base to the fibre web so as to obtain the sheet comprising fibrillated cellulose.