To provide an ion exchange membrane for alkali chloride electrolysis which has high membrane strength and low membrane resistance, thereby capable of reducing the electrolysis voltage during alkali chloride electrolysis. In this ion exchange membrane (1) for alkali chloride electrolysis, a reinforcing material 20 formed by weaving reinforcing yarns 22 and sacrificial yarns 24 is disposed in a layer (S) 14, and layer (S) 14 has elution portions 28 formed by elution of at least portions of the sacrificial yarns 24. In a cross section perpendicular to reinforcing yarns of the warp, the average distance (d1) from the center of a reinforcing yarn 22 to the center of the adjacent reinforcing yarn 22, the total area (P) obtained by adding the cross-sectional area of an elution portion 28 and the cross-sectional area of a sacrificial yarn 24 remaining in the elution portion 28, the number (n) of elution portions between adjacent reinforcing yarns 22, and the ion exchange capacity of a layer (Sa) located on the most anode side in the layer (S) 14 during alkali chloride electrolysis, are controlled to be within specific ranges, respectively.

The invention is targeted mainly at a process for the preparation of a semifinished product comprising a PAEK-based resin and reinforcing fibers, comprising the stages of: a. preparation of a dispersion comprising a PAEK-based resin in the pulverulent form dispersed in an aqueous phase comprising a surfactant; b. bringing the reinforcing fibers into contact with said aqueous dispersion; c. drying the fibers impregnated with dispersion; and d. heating the impregnated fibers to a temperature sufficient for the melting of the resin, so as to form a semifinished product, characterized in that the surfactant is a thermally stable surfactant. It is furthermore targeted at the dispersion of use in said process. Finally, it is targeted at the semifinished products capable of being obtained and also at their use in the manufacture of composite materials.

To provide a method for producing a fluorinated polymer which enables stable production of a fluorinated polymer having a high molecular weight at a high polymerization rate with good productivity and reduced environmental burdens, a method for producing a fluorinated polymer having functional groups, and a method for producing an electrolyte membrane. A method for producing a fluorinated polymer, which comprises polymerizing a monomer mixture containing tetrafluoroethylene and a fluorinated monomer having a group convertible to a sulfonic acid group or a carboxylic acid group in a polymerization medium, wherein the polymerization medium contains as the main component a C.sub.4-10 cyclic hydrofluorocarbon. Further, a method for producing a fluorinated polymer having functional groups and a method for producing an electrolyte membrane, employing the production method.

To provide a process for producing an ion exchange membrane for electrolysis which has a low membrane resistance and which is capable of reducing the electrolysis voltage during the electrolysis, even if the membrane strength is increased, an ion exchange membrane for electrolysis, a precursor membrane of an ion exchange membrane for electrolysis, and an electrolysis apparatus. In a fluorinated polymer having groups convertible to ion exchange groups, a reinforcing fabric 20A formed by weaving covered yarns 21 each comprising a reinforcing fabric 22 and a sacrificial material covering at least a portion of the outer peripheral surface of the reinforcing yarn 22, to produce a precursor membrane of an ion exchange membrane, and from the precursor membrane, at least a portion of the sacrificial material in the reinforcing fabric is eluted to form a reinforcing material and at the same time, the groups convertible to ion exchange groups are converted to ion exchange groups, to produce an ion exchange membrane for electrolysis.

An acid-type sulfonic acid group-containing polymer containing perfluoromonomer units, no monomer units having a halogen atom other than a fluorine atom, and acid type sulfonic acid groups, whose hydrogen gas permeability coefficient under the conditions of a temperature of 80 C. and a relative humidity of 10% is at most 2.510.sup.9 cm.sup.3.Math.cm/(s.Math.cm.sup.2.Math.cmHg), and whose mass reduction rate when immersed in hot water at 120 C. for 24 hours is at most 15 mass %. Liquid composition, membrane electrode assembly, polymer electrolyte fuel cell, and ion exchange membrane utilizing the acid-type sulfonic acid group-containing polymer.

To provide an ion exchange membrane for alkali chloride electrolysis, which has low membrane resistance and which reduces the electrolysis voltage during alkali chloride electrolysis, even if the spacing between reinforcing yarns is made narrow to increase the membrane strength. This ion exchange membrane 1 for alkali chloride electrolysis comprises a fluoropolymer containing ion exchange groups; a reinforcing material embedded in the fluoropolymer and formed of reinforcing yarns and optionally contained sacrificial yarns; and elution holes of the sacrificial yarns present between the reinforcing yarns, wherein in a cross section perpendicular to the length direction of the reinforcing yarns forming the reinforcing material, the average distance (d1) from the center of a reinforcing yarn 22 to the center of the adjacent reinforcing yarn 22 is from 750 to 1,000 m, the total area (S) obtained by adding the cross-sectional area of an elution hole 28 and the cross-sectional area of a sacrificial yarn 24 remaining in the elution hole 28 is from 500 to 5,000 m.sup.2 per elution hole, and the number n of elution holes 28 between adjacent reinforcing yarns 22 is from 4 to 6.

A computer-controlled system for forming composition-controlled objects using 3D printing includes two or more liquid reactant reservoirs, and a mixing sub-system for mixing the two or more liquid reactant compositions, which in turn includes a flow control sub-system to control a mass ratio of the mixed two or more liquid reactant compositions. The computer-controlled system further includes a scanning sub-system that, under control of the computer, causes relative motion of a mixed liquid reactants nozzle over a substrate; thereby depositing the mixed liquid reactant compositions onto the substrate. The system still further includes an illuminations system, operated under control of the computer, to polymerize the deposited mixed liquid reactant compositions.

A method for making a synthetic resin injection molded body that is gate-cut by die opening after injection molding by means of a pinpoint gate 9. A cavity 10 is filled with a molten resin, from a first sprue 6 that is provided coaxially with the injection direction of the molten resin, through a runner 7 that is provided in the perpendicular direction to the first sprue 6, via a pinpoint gate 9 that is formed on a tip part of a second sprue 8 that is provided horizontally to the injection direction of the molten resin, from a gate port 9a of the pinpoint gate 9 formed on a cavity plane that is in parallel with the die opening direction; after cooling, gate cutting is performed by means of die opening; and a molded body is taken out in an ejection step.

A resin composition is provided, which includes 1 part by weight of (a) thermally conductive resin with a biphenyl group, 1.0 to 10.0 parts by weight of (b) polyphenylene oxide, 0.01 to 5.0 parts by weight of (c) hardener, and 0.1 to 5.0 parts by weight of (d) inorganic filler. (d) Inorganic filler is boron nitride, aluminum nitride, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, aluminum oxide, carbon nitride, octahedral carbon, or a combination thereof with a surface modified by iron-containing oxide. (d) Inorganic filler is sheet-shaped or needle-shaped.

The present invention relates to a thermosetting electrolyte composition for a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery including the same, and particularly, to a thermosetting electrolyte composition for a lithium secondary battery, which includes LiPF.sub.6 as a first lithium salt, a non-aqueous organic solvent, and a polymer or oligomer containing a unit represented by Formula 1, wherein the polymer or oligomer containing the unit represented by Formula 1 is included in an amount of 0.6 wt % to 15 wt % based on a total weight of the thermosetting electrolyte composition for a lithium secondary battery, and a lithium secondary battery including the same.