This semiconductor apparatus has a base film and a semiconductor film formed on the base film, wherein the base film comprises a polyimide obtained by condensation polymerization of an aromatic diamine and an aromatic tetracarboxylic acid anhydride and has a tensile elasticity in the machine direction of 7 GPa or more, and the semiconductor film is polycrystalline and comprises crystal particles having an average particle size of 1 m or more.

The present invention relates to a wear layer material composition selected from single cation or mixed cation ionomers and their blends, polyethylene with ionomer blends, polyamides with ionomer blends, acrylic blends, thermoplastic urethanes, aliphatic homo and copolymers of polyamides, co-polyesters and polycarbonates, wherein the wear layer material composition is modified with at least one additive selected from nano-silica and a siloxane additive. The wear layer is protective in nature and protects against scratches, abrasions, stains and other weatherable events.

A method for manufacturing an optical film includes molding a sheet-shaped rubber-containing thermoplastic resin composition discharged in a molten state from a die outlet of an extruder by inserting the composition between a pair of smoothing rollers including an elastic roller, wherein a melt viscosity of the rubber-containing thermoplastic resin composition as measured at a temperature of the rubber-containing thermoplastic resin composition during the discharge from a die and a shear velocity of 122 sec.sup.1 is 600 Pa.Math.sec or more but 2000 Pa.Math.sec or less; a surface temperature of the elastic roller is Tg70 C. or higher but Tg20 C. or lower; and V/P is 5000 or less, wherein V represents a line velocity (m/min) and P represents a pressure applied by the elastic roller (kgf/cm).

Provided is a polymer film in which metal oxide particles are localized to a great degree, wherein the polymer film is a hard coat layer that includes a binder including a first polymer component and a second polymer component that are miscible with each other and metal oxide particles that are unevenly distributed with a greater concentration toward at least one of a surface portion and the other surface portion opposite the surface portion, wherein the first polymer component may be hydrophilic, the second polymer component may be hydrophobic relative to the first polymer component, a proportion of the first polymer component may gradually decrease from the surface portion to the other surface portion, and the surface portion may be toward a substrate for forming the polymer film. An optical member, such as a polarization member, and a display device employing the polymer film are also provided.

Shielding coatings are applied to polymer substrates for selective metallization of the substrates. The shielding coatings include a primer component and a hydrophobic top coat. The primer is first applied to the polymer substrate followed by application of the top coat component. The shielding coating is then selectively etched to form an outline of a desired current pattern. A catalyst is applied to the patterned polymer substrate followed by electroless metal plating in the etched portions. The portions of the polymer substrate which contain the shielding coating inhibit electroless metal plating. The primers contain polyamines and the top coat contains hydrophobic alky organic compounds.

The present invention provides a multilayer polyimide film and a manufacturing method therefor, wherein the multilayer polyimide film comprises a first skin layer and a second skin layer respectively formed on one outer surface of a core layer and an opposite surface of the outer surface, has a thermal expansion coefficient that is between 2.0 ppm/ C. and 6.0 ppm/ C., and has a hygroscopic expansion coefficient that is between 3.0 ppm/RH % and 6.0 ppm/RH %.

Disclosed herein are an optical resin composition whose orientation birefringence and photoelastic birefringence are both very low and which has high transparency and which provides a film having few surface defects, high heat stability, high solvent resistance, and excellent surface appearance, and a film comprising the optical resin composition. The optical resin composition comprises: a resin (A) having a maleimide unit represented by the formula (5) and a (meth)acrylic ester unit; and a glutarimide acrylic resin (B). The resin composition may further comprise multi-layered particles. ##STR00001##

A membrane obtainable from curing a composition comprising: (i) a curable compound comprising at least two (meth)acrylic groups and a sulphonic acid group and having a molecular weight which satisfies the equation:

MW<(300+300n) wherein: MW is the molecular weight of the said curable compound; and n has a value of 1, 2, 3 or 4 and is the number of sulphonic acid groups present in the said curable compound; and optionally (ii) a curable compound having one ethylenically unsaturated group; wherein the molar fraction of curable compounds comprising at least two (meth)acrylic groups, relative to the total number of moles of curable compounds present in the composition, is at least 0.25.

A membrane obtainable from curing a composition comprising: (i) a curable compound comprising at least two (meth)acrylic groups and a sulphonic acid group and having a molecular weight which satisfies the equation: MW<(300+300n) wherein: MW is the molecular weight of the said curable compound; and n has a value of 1, 2, 3 or 4 and is the number of sulphonic acid groups present in the said curable compound; and optionally (ii) a curable compound having one ethylenically unsaturated group; wherein the molar fraction of curable compounds comprising at least two (meth)acrylic groups, relative to the total number of moles of curable compounds present in the composition, is at least 0.25.

This invention aims to provide a thermally foamable microsphere which is excellent in heat resistance, has a high expansion ratio, and shows stable foaming behavior; a method of producing the thermally foamable microsphere; and suitable use thereof.

This invention provides a thermally foamable microsphere in which an outer shell encapsulating a foaming agent is formed of a copolymer having a polymethacrylimide structure. In particular, this invention provides a thermally foamable microsphere in which monomers capable of forming the polymethacrylimide structure by a copolymerization reaction are methacrylonitrile and methacrylic acid. Moreover, this invention provides a method of producing the thermally foamable microsphere and use of the thermally foamable microsphere as an additive.