The antifouling film includes a polymer layer that includes on a surface thereof an uneven structure provided with multiple projections at a pitch not longer than a wavelength of visible light. The polymer layer has a proportion of the number of fluorine atoms relative to the sum of the numbers of carbon atoms, nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms, and fluorine atoms of 33 atom % or more on the surface of the uneven structure. The polymer layer has at least one local maximum of the proportion of the number of nitrogen atoms relative to the sum of the numbers of carbon atoms, nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms, and fluorine atoms in a region 5 to 90 nm deep from the surface of the uneven structure. The local maximum is 0.3 atom % or more greater than the average value in a region 90 to 120 nm deep from the surface of the uneven structure.

A computer-controlled system for forming composition-controlled objects using 3D printing includes two or more liquid reactant reservoirs, and a mixing sub-system for mixing the two or more liquid reactant compositions, which in turn includes a flow control sub-system to control a mass ratio of the mixed two or more liquid reactant compositions. The computer-controlled system further includes a scanning sub-system that, under control of the computer, causes relative motion of a mixed liquid reactants nozzle over a substrate; thereby depositing the mixed liquid reactant compositions onto the substrate. The system still further includes an illuminations system, operated under control of the computer, to polymerize the deposited mixed liquid reactant compositions.

Provided is an oxime ester phenylcarbazole compound useful as a photoinitiator for photocrosslinking. Specifically, the carbon atom forming a double bond with the nitrogen atom in the oxime ester moiety of the oxime ester phenylcarbazole compound is bonded to the phenylcarbazole group and is directly bonded to a (C.sub.1-C.sub.20)alkyl or (C.sub.6-C.sub.20)aryl group. Also provided is a photopolymerizable composition including the oxime ester phenylcarbazole compound. The oxime ester phenylcarbazole compound and the photopolymerizable composition have improved solubilities, are highly photosensitive, and exhibit excellent physical properties in terms of residual film ratio, pattern stability, resist adhesiveness. Due to these advantages, the oxime ester phenylcarbazole compound and the photopolymerizable composition are suitable for use in black resists, color resists, overcoats, column spacers, and organic insulating films of LCDs.

Bare porous polymer monoliths, fluidic chips, methods of incorporating bare porous polymer monoliths into fluidic chips, and methods for functionalizing bare porous polymer monoliths are described. Bare porous polymer monoliths may be fabricated ex situ in a mold. The bare porous polymer monoliths may also be functionalized ex situ. Incorporating the bare preformed porous polymer monoliths into the fluidic chips may include inserting the monoliths into channels of channel substrates of the fluidic chips. Incorporating the bare preformed porous polymer monoliths into the fluidic chips may include bonding a capping layer to the channel substrate. The bare porous polymer monoliths may be mechanically anchored to channel walls and to the capping layer. The bare porous polymer monoliths may be functionalized by ex situ immobilization of capture probes on the monoliths. The monoliths may be functionalized by direct attachment of chitosan.

Disclosed are a fiber composite laminate including a self-assembled conductive paste and a method of manufacturing the same. The fiber composite laminate includes a fiber-based circuit unit including a fiber substrate and a circuit electrode positioned on the fiber substrate, a composite binder unit positioned on the fiber-based circuit unit, and a connection unit including a connection electrode positioned on the composite binder unit and a flexible substrate positioned on the composite binder unit and the connection electrode. The fiber composite laminate can thus be applied to wearable devices having increased conductivity and durability of joints thereof, a minimized foreign-body sensation, and an improved wearing sensation. Moreover, productivity can be increased owing to a simple manufacturing process, and mass production becomes possible.

A preform for fiber rein-forced composite material producing includes a thermosetting resin composition and a dry reinforcing fiber base, the thermosetting resin composition characterized in that when subjected to dynamic viscoelasticity measurement at a traction period of 0.5 Hz while heating at a rate of 1.5 C./min, a temperature change T is 45 C. or less as complex viscosity * decreases from 110.sup.7 Pa.Math.s to 110.sup.1 Pa.Math.s.

Disclosed are an optical film, including: a transparent film, and a coating layer on at least one surface of the transparent film, in which the coating layer is formed using a composition including a polymer resin, a dihydrazide-based crosslinking agent, and water-dispersible fine particles, and a polarizing plate including the same.

The problem that the present invention is to solve is to provide an optical film that has less alignment defects and is less liable to cause variation in the optical characteristics when placed in a high temperature state. The present invention provides an optical film containing a structural unit derived from a specific compound, that is, an optical film containing a structural unit derived from a compound represented by the general formula (I), which has less alignment defects and is less liable to cause variation in the optical characteristics when placed in a high temperature state, and also provides a display device including the optical film.

A seating device has a seating platform and at least one leg supporting it in its elevated position.

A resin composition contains one or more 2-methylene-1,3-dicarbonyl compounds. At least one of the one or more 2-methylene-1,3-dicarbonyl compounds has a molecular weight of 220 to 10,000, and the amount by weight of those of the 2-methylene-1,3-dicarbonyl compounds having a molecular weight of less than 220 relative the entire resin composition of 1 is 0.00 to 0.05. The 2-methylene-1,3-dicarbonyl compounds contain a structural unit represented by formula (I) below.

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