A long life catalyst is provided that is conveniently and inexpensively capable of being produced and that is highly active and has inhibited metal leakage. According to aspects of the present invention, a catalyst is provided that includes: a polymer including a plurality of first structural units and a plurality of second structural units; and metal acting as a catalytic center, wherein at least part of the metal is covered with the polymer, each of the plurality of first structural units has a first atom constituting a main chain of the polymer and a first substituent group bonded to the first atom, a second atom included in each of the plurality of second structural units is bonded to the first atom, and the second atom is different from the first atom, or at least one of all substituent groups on the second atom is different from the first substituent group.

A long life catalyst is provided that is conveniently and inexpensively capable of being produced and that is highly active and has inhibited metal leakage. According to aspects of the present invention, a catalyst is provided that includes: a polymer including a plurality of first structural units and a plurality of second structural units; and metal acting as a catalytic center, wherein at least part of the metal is covered with the polymer, each of the plurality of first structural units has a first atom constituting a main chain of the polymer and a first substituent group bonded to the first atom, a second atom included in each of the plurality of second structural units is bonded to the first atom, and the second atom is different from the first atom, or at least one of all substituent groups on the second atom is different from the first substituent group.

The present invention relates to active and intelligent additives having hybrid characteristics, that are compatible with polymers, are thermally and mechanically stable, are capable of releasing electrons and/or photons in the presence of chemical compounds, specifically amino compounds, amide compounds, oxygen reducing compounds, water or vapors thereof. The active and intelligent additives incorporate themselves into polymer matrices allowing the obtainment of active and intelligent polymeric articles. These active and intelligent polymeric articles may act as inhibitors of growth of microorganisms and fungi, as well as indicators of the presence of gasses, either in the atmosphere or caused by the decomposition of foodstuffs, for example.

The present invention relates to active and intelligent additives having hybrid characteristics, that are compatible with polymers, are thermally and mechanically stable, are capable of releasing electrons and/or photons in the presence of chemical compounds, specifically amino compounds, amide compounds, oxygen reducing compounds, water or vapors thereof. The active and intelligent additives incorporate themselves into polymer matrices allowing the obtainment of active and intelligent polymeric articles. These active and intelligent polymeric articles may act as inhibitors of growth of microorganisms and fungi, as well as indicators of the presence of gasses, either in the atmosphere or caused by the decomposition of foodstuffs, for example.

The present invention relates to a polyester resin composition capable of having an excellent shrinkage rate, being heat-shrunk at a low temperature, and improving adhesion properties, without impairing insulation properties in a state of heat-shrinkable films, and a method for preparing the same. The present polyester resin composition comprises: a copolymerized polyester resin including a dicarboxylic acid-derived residue including a residue derived from an aromatic dicarboxylic acid; and a diol-derived residue including a residue derived from 4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl methyl 4′-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexane carboxylate, and a residue derived from 4,4-(oxybis(methylene)bis) cyclohexane methanol, an alkali metal compound, and an alkaline earth metal compound, wherein the alkali metal compound and the alkaline earth metal compound are contained in an amount that the content ratio of the alkali metal element/the alkaline earth metal element derived therefrom is 0.01 to 1.

Anion-coordinating polymers comprising one or more anion-coordinating unit of Formula (I), optionally in combination with one or more cation-coordinating unit of Formula (II) and/or a linking unit of Formula (III) and related electrolytes, batteries, methods and system.

The present invention relates to a sodium-ion battery comprising a positive electrode compartment comprising a positive electrode, said positive electrode comprising a Na-insertion compound; a negative electrode compartment comprising a negative electrode, said negative electrode comprising metallic sodium; and an electrolyte composition comprising a solid sodium-ion conductive ceramic electrolyte and a catholyte comprising a metallic salt with formula MY, wherein M is a cation selected from an alkali metal and an alkali-earth metal; and Y is an anion selected from [R.sup.1SO.sub.2NSO.sub.2R.sup.2], CF.sub.3SO.sub.3.sup.−, C(CN).sub.3.sup.−, B(C.sub.2O.sub.4).sub.2.sup.− and BF.sub.2(C.sub.2O.sub.4).sup.−, wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently selected from fluorine or a fluoroalkyl group. The device is able to operate below the melting point of the anode component.

The present invention relates to a sodium-ion battery comprising a positive electrode compartment comprising a positive electrode, said positive electrode comprising a Na-insertion compound; a negative electrode compartment comprising a negative electrode, said negative electrode comprising metallic sodium; and an electrolyte composition comprising a solid sodium-ion conductive ceramic electrolyte and a catholyte comprising a metallic salt with formula MY, wherein M is a cation selected from an alkali metal and an alkali-earth metal; and Y is an anion selected from [R.sup.1SO.sub.2NSO.sub.2R.sup.2], CF.sub.3SO.sub.3.sup.−, C(CN).sub.3.sup.−, B(C.sub.2O.sub.4).sub.2.sup.− and BF.sub.2(C.sub.2O.sub.4).sup.−, wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently selected from fluorine or a fluoroalkyl group. The device is able to operate below the melting point of the anode component.

The present invention provides a water-soluble packaging film which is capable of packaging chemicals while maintaining appropriate flexibility without changes in the appearance or offensive odors over a long period of time, which takes much less time to dissolve in water, and which can achieve excellent water solubility, excellent visibility, and excellent chemical resistance. The present invention relates to a water-soluble packaging film containing: polyvinyl alcohol; a plasticizer; and an alkali metal, the water-soluble packaging film containing 3 to 15 parts by weight of the plasticizer based on 100 parts by weight of the polyvinyl alcohol, the water-soluble packaging film containing 0.3 to 5% by weight of the alkali metal based on 100% by weight of the water-soluble packaging film.

The present invention provides a water-soluble packaging film which is capable of packaging chemicals while maintaining appropriate flexibility without changes in the appearance or offensive odors over a long period of time, which takes much less time to dissolve in water, and which can achieve excellent water solubility, excellent visibility, and excellent chemical resistance. The present invention relates to a water-soluble packaging film containing: polyvinyl alcohol; a plasticizer; and an alkali metal, the water-soluble packaging film containing 3 to 15 parts by weight of the plasticizer based on 100 parts by weight of the polyvinyl alcohol, the water-soluble packaging film containing 0.3 to 5% by weight of the alkali metal based on 100% by weight of the water-soluble packaging film.