Disclosed is an antioxidant for a polymer electrolyte membrane of a fuel cell including cerium hydrogen phosphate (CeHPO.sub.4). The presence of cerium hydrogen phosphate in the antioxidant enhances the dissolution stability of cerium and improves the ability to capture water, leading to an increase in proton conductivity. In addition, the cerium hydrogen phosphate has a crystal structure composed of smaller cerium particles. This crystal structure greatly improves the ability of the antioxidant to prevent oxidation of the electrolyte membrane. Also disclosed are an electrolyte membrane including the antioxidant, a fuel cell including the electrolyte membrane, a method for preparing the antioxidant, a method for producing the electrolyte membrane, and a method for fabricating the fuel cell.

Disclosed is an antioxidant for a polymer electrolyte membrane of a fuel cell including cerium hydrogen phosphate (CeHPO.sub.4). The presence of cerium hydrogen phosphate in the antioxidant enhances the dissolution stability of cerium and improves the ability to capture water, leading to an increase in proton conductivity. In addition, the cerium hydrogen phosphate has a crystal structure composed of smaller cerium particles. This crystal structure greatly improves the ability of the antioxidant to prevent oxidation of the electrolyte membrane. Also disclosed are an electrolyte membrane including the antioxidant, a fuel cell including the electrolyte membrane, a method for preparing the antioxidant, a method for producing the electrolyte membrane, and a method for fabricating the fuel cell.

A curable resin composition contains quantum dots (A), a resin (B), a photopolymerizable compound (C), a photopolymerization initiator (D), an antioxidant (E), a leveling agent (F), and a solvent (G), wherein the resin (B) has a weight-average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene of less than 10000 and an acid value of 90 mg KOH/g or more and 150 mg KOH/g or less.

A curable resin composition contains quantum dots (A), a resin (B), a photopolymerizable compound (C), a photopolymerization initiator (D), an antioxidant (E), a leveling agent (F), and a solvent (G), wherein the resin (B) has a weight-average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene of less than 10000 and an acid value of 90 mg KOH/g or more and 150 mg KOH/g or less.

A method of using an absorber of electromagnetic radiation, includes absorbing electromagnetic radiation with the absorber finely distributed or dissolved in a carrier material. The absorber is a crystal water-free iron(II) orthophosphate of the general formula Fe.sub.3(PO.sub.4).sub.2 or crystal water-free iron(II) metal orthophosphate, iron(II) metal phosphonate, iron(II) metal pyrophosphate or iron(II) metal metaphosphate of the general formula Fe.sub.aMet.sub.b(PO.sub.c).sub.d, where a is a number from 1 to 5, b is a number from >0 to 5, c is a number from 2.5 to 5, d is a number from 0.5 to 3 and Met represents one or more metals selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, the transition metals (d block), the metals and semimetals of the third, fourth and fifth main groups, and the lanthanoids or combinations of the above mentioned phosphates as absorbers of electromagnetic radiation.

A method of using an absorber of electromagnetic radiation, includes absorbing electromagnetic radiation with the absorber finely distributed or dissolved in a carrier material. The absorber is a crystal water-free iron(II) orthophosphate of the general formula Fe.sub.3(PO.sub.4).sub.2 or crystal water-free iron(II) metal orthophosphate, iron(II) metal phosphonate, iron(II) metal pyrophosphate or iron(II) metal metaphosphate of the general formula Fe.sub.aMet.sub.b(PO.sub.c).sub.d, where a is a number from 1 to 5, b is a number from >0 to 5, c is a number from 2.5 to 5, d is a number from 0.5 to 3 and Met represents one or more metals selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, the transition metals (d block), the metals and semimetals of the third, fourth and fifth main groups, and the lanthanoids or combinations of the above mentioned phosphates as absorbers of electromagnetic radiation.

An ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer composition contains: (A) an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer; (B) an antioxidant; and (C) an iron compound; wherein the iron compound (C) is present in an amount of 0.01 to 20 ppm on a metal basis based on the weight of the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer composition. The ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer composition is excellent in degradation resistance.

An ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer composition contains: (A) an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer; (B) an antioxidant; and (C) an iron compound; wherein the iron compound (C) is present in an amount of 0.01 to 20 ppm on a metal basis based on the weight of the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer composition. The ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer composition is excellent in degradation resistance.

An ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer composition contains: (A) an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer; (B) an antioxidant; and (C) an iron compound; wherein the iron compound (C) is present in an amount of 0.01 to 20 ppm on a metal basis based on the weight of the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer composition. The ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer composition is excellent in degradation resistance.

An ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer resin composition, including: an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (A); acetic acid and/or a salt thereof (B); an aliphatic carboxylic acid (C) other than acetic acid; and an aliphatic carboxylic acid metal salt (D), wherein a metal species of the salt (D) is at least one selected from long Periodic Table 4th-period d-block elements, and wherein respective contents of the acetic acid and/or the salt thereof (B), the acid (C), and the salt (D) satisfy the following formulae (1) and (2) on a weight basis is provided. The resin composition is excellent in impact resistance and adhesive strength even without being blended with any other resin:
0.001≤(content of (D) in terms of metal ion/content of (B) in terms of acetic acid ion)≤1.30  (1)
0.11≤(content of (D) in terms of metal ion/content of (C) in terms of carboxylic acid ion)≤100  (2).