Foam composites and methods of preparation thereof are discussed. For example, the foam composite may include a polymeric material and a particulate filler, wherein the compressive strength of the foam composite is equal to or greater than 20 psi, the density is 4 pcf to 40 pcf, and wherein the thermal conductivity is equal to or less than 0.050 W/m K. the particulate filler may include fly ash, e.g., in an amount of about of 45% to about 75% by weight with respect to the total weight of the foam composite. The foam composite may be prepared from a mixture of a polyol, an isocyanate, the particulate filler, and a liquid blowing agent having a boiling point equal to or greater than 25° C. or 30° C.

The present invention provides cured nut waste composite, methods for preparing the nut waste composite, and methods for utilizing the nut waste composite.

This disclosure are methods for recycling disposable products, and using the same to manufacture composite polyurethane materials such as, without limitation, composite polyurethane foams, composite polyurethane elastomers, and composite polyurethane casting resins.

This disclosure are methods for recycling disposable products, and using the same to manufacture composite polyurethane materials such as, without limitation, composite polyurethane foams, composite polyurethane elastomers, and composite polyurethane casting resins.

A process for manufacturing eggshell powder for use in the production of bio-based products is provided. The process involves exposing a quantity of eggshell to high air speed at room temperatures to pulverize the eggshell and separate the eggshell component from the inner membrane component. Thus, the process avoids the use of high temperatures and other harsh chemical treatments to remove the inner membrane from the eggshell thereby resulting in an eggshell material that retains the original lipid-protein structure of the native eggshell from which the powder derives. Accordingly, an eggshell powder composition is provided that is substantially free of inner membrane material and possesses a lipid-protein structure substantially similar to that of the eggshell from which the powder is derived. A polymer composite composition comprising an eggshell component and a polymer component is also provided.

A process for manufacturing eggshell powder for use in the production of bio-based products is provided. The process involves exposing a quantity of eggshell to high air speed at room temperatures to pulverize the eggshell and separate the eggshell component from the inner membrane component. Thus, the process avoids the use of high temperatures and other harsh chemical treatments to remove the inner membrane from the eggshell thereby resulting in an eggshell material that retains the original lipid-protein structure of the native eggshell from which the powder derives. Accordingly, an eggshell powder composition is provided that is substantially free of inner membrane material and possesses a lipid-protein structure substantially similar to that of the eggshell from which the powder is derived. A polymer composite composition comprising an eggshell component and a polymer component is also provided.

A plastic gel material for preventing spontaneous combustion of coal, including water, a crosslinking agent, a toughener, a coagulant, an aggregate and a water glass. The crosslinking agent (AlCit) is prepared by mixing a polyaluminum chloride solution and a citric acid solution then neutralizing the mixture with a sodium hydroxide solution. The coagulant is one or more of potassium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate or glucono-δ-lactone (GDL). The toughener is one or more of pregelatinized starch, sodium alginate, carboxymethyl cellulose or polyacrylamide. The aggregate is coal ash or bentonite. The plastic gel has good water retention, toughness and inhibition performance, and helps avoid easy cracking and pulverization in inorganic silica gel consolidating bodies after losing water. The plastic gel can cover the surface of burning coal mass, reduce the temperature of the ignition source, heat radiation and production amount of CO, and have a fire extinguishing effect.

The following invention generally relates to a melt flowable biocarbon polymeric material derived from a cellulosic ethanol refining co-product, monolignol biopolymer, and a heat processed or thermally modified biomass flour, both of which are reacted together to create a melt flowable biopolymer which has melt flowable properties, process-ability and rheology similar to that of standard petrochemical based thermoplastics.

The following invention generally relates to a melt flowable biocarbon polymeric material derived from a cellulosic ethanol refining co-product, monolignol biopolymer, and a heat processed or thermally modified biomass flour, both of which are reacted together to create a melt flowable biopolymer which has melt flowable properties, process-ability and rheology similar to that of standard petrochemical based thermoplastics.

Disclosed herein are systems and methods for processing waste egg shells into (i) a first product comprising calcified egg shell particles having diameters of 3μ or less, and (ii) a second product comprising calcified egg shell particles having diameters in a range from about 3μ to about 7μ. The first product may be used as a CaCO.sub.3 substitute for paint compositions and plastics compositions. The second product may be used as a CaCO.sub.3 blasting media substitute for use with abrasive blasting equipment.