Disclosed is a rubber composition which can improve the fuel efficiency, wet performance and abrasion resistance of a tire, the rubber composition including: a rubber component (A) containing 55% by mass or more of a polybutadiene rubber; a thermoplastic resin (B); and a filler (C), wherein the thermoplastic resin (B) is compounded in an amount of 5 to 40 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component (A), a tan at 0 C. is 0.5 or less, and a difference between tan at 30 C. and tan at 60 C. is 0.070 or less.

The method of synthesis of bio graphene may include mixing carrageenan with a bio waste solution, adding graphene oxide to produce a mixture, sonicating the mixture, and evaporative-casting the mixture to produce bio graphene film. In an embodiment, the carrageenan may be -carrageenan. In an embodiment, the bio waste solution may include fish scales.

This invention discloses a bioplastic composition comprising biomass as a component comprising a plastic compound resin comprising polybutylene succinate (PBS), polylactic acid (PLA), and additives selected from biomass from the coffee roasting processes, i.e. silver skin of coffee (SSC); and/or at least one fluoropolymer or fluoropolymer derivative as a friction reducing agent. This invention also relates to a process of pretreating the silver skin coffee for using as an additive for bioplastic resin to produce various products or using as a natural color masterbatch together with other plastics via extrusion, injection molding, compression and thermoforming processes in the industrial level.

The invention relates to a sulfur-crosslinkable rubber mixture, to the vulcanizate thereof, and to a vehicle tire. The rubber mixture according to the invention comprises at least the following constituents: at least one diene rubber; and, at least one char (HTC char) obtained by hydrothermal carbonization of at least one starting substance. A vehicle tire according to the invention comprises at least one vulcanizate according to the invention of the rubber mixture in at least one component.

The buffing dust waste/polystyrene thermal insulator is a polymer composite containing 0.1%-25% by weight buffing dust waste from a leather tannery, the balance being polystyrene. The composite has extremely low thermal conductivity (e.g., 0.0447 W/m-K for a composite 10% budding dust by weight), making it a good insulator, while still having relatively high mechanical properties. The thermal insulator is made by mixing the buffing dust with the polystyrene polymer in a twin-screw extruder and pouring the mixture into a steel mold. The mold is heated and compressed in a hot press machine, e.g., at 500 kg force at 180 C. for 20 minutes, which may be followed by 500 kg force at 125 C. for an additional 20 minutes. The resulting composite polymer is suitable for use as thermal insulation in buildings.

The buffing dust waste/polystyrene thermal insulator is a polymer composite containing 0.1%-25% by weight buffing dust waste from a leather tannery, the balance being polystyrene. The composite has extremely low thermal conductivity (e.g., 0.0447 W/m-K for a composite 10% budding dust by weight), making it a good insulator, while still having relatively high mechanical properties. The thermal insulator is made by mixing the buffing dust with the polystyrene polymer in a twin-screw extruder and pouring the mixture into a steel mold. The mold is heated and compressed in a hot press machine, e.g., at 500 kg force at 180 C. for 20 minutes, which may be followed by 500 kg force at 125 C. for an additional 20 minutes. The resulting composite polymer is suitable for use as thermal insulation in buildings.

A foam includes a cellular structure and having a density of at most 0.50 g/cm.sup.3, where the cellular structure is provided by a solid material that includes humins. Such a foam is prepared in a process, which includes: providing a starting material containing humins; and heating the starting material to a temperature in the range of 150 to 450 C. The foam can be used in articles for a variety of applications such as substrate for plant growth, as adsorbent for treating waste water or waste gases, as support for solid catalysts, as insulation material, or packaging material.

This disclosure relates to a method of utilising waste products in manufacturing. It is particularly suited to manufacturing composite products for applications including, but not limited to, structural, thermal insulation, acoustic insulation and related applications and is described in relation to manufacture in small scale environments but it will be clear that the method and products have broad applications.

A method of making a composite compact or briquette may include mixing a first particulate material with at most 15% by weight of a powder coating material to obtain a mixture, and compacting the mixture into a compact. Either the first particulate material, the powder coating material, or both are advantageously waste materials. The first particulate material has a metal content of at least 50% by weight. The compact can be cured at temperatures between 50 C. and 300 C. to obtain the composite briquette. The composite briquette may include a binding phase formed of the cured waste powder coating material, and a dispersed phase formed of the first particulate. The composite briquettes can be used as a secondary ore material.

A composite material having physical characteristics equivalent to particle board materials bonded with resin-based adhesives that contain formaldehyde-urea is formed of reclaimed textile debris comprising fabric scraps and a latex based binder. The binder includes natural rubber latex, sulfur, an anti-oxidant agent and pH adjustment substances. The binder may also include selected amounts of zinc oxide, zinc diethyldithiocarbamate and a stabilizer. Production of the composite material includes mixing the constituents and vulcanization through the application of heat and compression. Cold compression is subsequently applied.