A method of manufacturing a film having an oxygen transmission rate (OTR) value in the range of 0.1 to 200 cc/m.sup.2*24 h at 23° C., 50% relative humidity (RH), and an OTR value in the range of 0.1 to 2000 cc/m.sup.2*24 h at 38° C. at 85% RH, comprising at least 60% by weight nanocellulose based on the weight of the total amount of fibers in the film, wherein the method comprises the steps of, providing an aqueous suspension comprising said nanocellulose; forming a web from said aqueous suspension; calendering said web at a line load of at least 40 kN/m, and at a temperature of at least 60° C. wherein said film is formed and said web has an OTR value in the range of 50 to 10 000 cc/m.sup.2*24 h at 23° C., 50% RH before said calendering step, or more preferably in the range of 500 to 5000 cc/m.sup.2*24 h at 23° C., 50% RH before said calendering step.

A method of identifying a defect in a wet film comprises conveying said wet film (20), in a wet state, on a conveyor (10), providing a laser projection (1511) onto the wet film, acquiring a series of images, each depicting an area of the wet film, wherein at least a portion of the laser projection is visible, and using at least some of said images to identify said defect. There is also disclosed a method and device for producing a film.

Disclosed are methods for forming an activated membrane that can be further derivatized for use purifying plasmid DNA using hydrophobic interaction separation methods. Activated membrane and derivatized membrane formed by the methods are also described. HIC systems incorporating the derivatized membrane as described herein can exhibit a high plasmid DNA binding capacity and short residence times.

Disclosed are methods for forming an activated membrane that can be further derivatized for use purifying plasmid DNA using hydrophobic interaction separation methods. Activated membrane and derivatized membrane formed by the methods are also described. HIC systems incorporating the derivatized membrane as described herein can exhibit a high plasmid DNA binding capacity and short residence times.

Provided are a cellulose composite material, a three-dimensional (3D) printing material and a 3D printing structure including the cellulose composite material, and a method of manufacturing a 3D printing structure using the cellulose composite material. The cellulose material may be used as a 3D printable eco-friendly material using cellulose that is an eco-friendly natural material and a compound having a catechol group that is derived from nature, and a structure implemented with 3D printing has excellent tensile strength or compressive strength.

Provided are a cellulose composite material, a three-dimensional (3D) printing material and a 3D printing structure including the cellulose composite material, and a method of manufacturing a 3D printing structure using the cellulose composite material. The cellulose material may be used as a 3D printable eco-friendly material using cellulose that is an eco-friendly natural material and a compound having a catechol group that is derived from nature, and a structure implemented with 3D printing has excellent tensile strength or compressive strength.

Provided are a cellulose composite material, a three-dimensional (3D) printing material and a 3D printing structure including the cellulose composite material, and a method of manufacturing a 3D printing structure using the cellulose composite material. The cellulose material may be used as a 3D printable eco-friendly material using cellulose that is an eco-friendly natural material and a compound having a catechol group that is derived from nature, and a structure implemented with 3D printing has excellent tensile strength or compressive strength.

A gear is provided that has excellent continuous moldability for practical use, and both high slidability and high durability. The provided gear is a molded resin constructed of a resin composition comprising a thermoplastic resin (A) and cellulose nanofibers (B) with an average fiber diameter of 1000 nm or smaller, and having a number average molecular weight of the thermoplastic resin (A) in the range of 10,000 to 150,000, wherein a sliding surface of the gear with another gear teeth has an arithmetic mean surface roughness Sa of 3.0 μm or lower.

A gear is provided that has excellent continuous moldability for practical use, and both high slidability and high durability. The provided gear is a molded resin constructed of a resin composition comprising a thermoplastic resin (A) and cellulose nanofibers (B) with an average fiber diameter of 1000 nm or smaller, and having a number average molecular weight of the thermoplastic resin (A) in the range of 10,000 to 150,000, wherein a sliding surface of the gear with another gear teeth has an arithmetic mean surface roughness Sa of 3.0 μm or lower.

A gear is provided that has excellent continuous moldability for practical use, and both high slidability and high durability. The provided gear is a molded resin constructed of a resin composition comprising a thermoplastic resin (A) and cellulose nanofibers (B) with an average fiber diameter of 1000 nm or smaller, and having a number average molecular weight of the thermoplastic resin (A) in the range of 10,000 to 150,000, wherein a sliding surface of the gear with another gear teeth has an arithmetic mean surface roughness Sa of 3.0 μm or lower.