A tire masterbatch comprises natural rubber and cellulose nanofiber, wherein at least a portion of the cellulose nanofiber is such that length is 10 μm to 20 μm, and a ratio (i.e., L/D) of the length to a diameter is 1000 to 2000. A tire masterbatch manufacturing method comprises an operation in which at least a cellulose nanofiber slurry and a natural rubber latex are mixed to prepare a liquid mixture, and an operation in which the liquid mixture is coagulated, wherein at least a portion of cellulose nanofiber within the cellulose nanofiber slurry is such that length is 10 μm to 20 μm, and a ratio (i.e., L/D) of the length to a diameter is 1000 to 2000.

A tire masterbatch comprises natural rubber and cellulose nanofiber, wherein at least a portion of the cellulose nanofiber is such that length is 10 μm to 20 μm, and a ratio (i.e., L/D) of the length to a diameter is 1000 to 2000. A tire masterbatch manufacturing method comprises an operation in which at least a cellulose nanofiber slurry and a natural rubber latex are mixed to prepare a liquid mixture, and an operation in which the liquid mixture is coagulated, wherein at least a portion of cellulose nanofiber within the cellulose nanofiber slurry is such that length is 10 μm to 20 μm, and a ratio (i.e., L/D) of the length to a diameter is 1000 to 2000.

A composition comprising nanocellulose is disclosed, wherein the nanocellulose contains very low or essentially no sulfur content. The nanocellulose may be in the form of cellulose nanocrystals, cellulose nanofibrils, or both. The nanocellulose is characterized by a crystallinity of at least 80%, an onset of thermal decomposition of 300° F. or higher, and a low light transmittance over the range 400-700 nm. Other variations provide a composition comprising lignin-coated hydrophobic nanocellulose, wherein the nanocellulose contains very low or essentially no sulfur content. Some variations provide a composition comprising nanocellulose, wherein the nanocellulose contains about 0.1 wt % equivalent sulfur content, or less, as SO.sub.4 groups chemically or physically bound to the nanocellulose. In some embodiments, the nanocellulose contains essentially no hydrogen atoms (apart from hydrogen structurally contained in nanocellulose itself) bound to the nanocellulose. Various compositions, materials, and products may incorporate the nanocellulose compositions disclosed herein.

A composition comprising nanocellulose is disclosed, wherein the nanocellulose contains very low or essentially no sulfur content. The nanocellulose may be in the form of cellulose nanocrystals, cellulose nanofibrils, or both. The nanocellulose is characterized by a crystallinity of at least 80%, an onset of thermal decomposition of 300° F. or higher, and a low light transmittance over the range 400-700 nm. Other variations provide a composition comprising lignin-coated hydrophobic nanocellulose, wherein the nanocellulose contains very low or essentially no sulfur content. Some variations provide a composition comprising nanocellulose, wherein the nanocellulose contains about 0.1 wt % equivalent sulfur content, or less, as SO.sub.4 groups chemically or physically bound to the nanocellulose. In some embodiments, the nanocellulose contains essentially no hydrogen atoms (apart from hydrogen structurally contained in nanocellulose itself) bound to the nanocellulose. Various compositions, materials, and products may incorporate the nanocellulose compositions disclosed herein.

The present invention relates to a process for forming a functionalised dietary fibre comprising admixing an enzyme and an aqueous suspension of dietary fibre, wherein said dietary fibre is at a D.sub.50 particle size distribution of less than 30 microns after degradation by the enzyme and comprises less than 25 wt. % soluble fibres and at least 40% wt. % cellulose; denaturing said enzyme to form a functionalised, amphiphilic dietary fibre with adsorbed enzyme. The present invention further relates to a Pickering particle comprising a functionalised dietary fibre and denatured enzyme and the use of the functionalised dietary fibre and denatured enzyme according to present invention or the Pickering particle according to the present invention to stabilize an emulsion.

The present invention relates to a process for forming a functionalised dietary fibre comprising admixing an enzyme and an aqueous suspension of dietary fibre, wherein said dietary fibre is at a D.sub.50 particle size distribution of less than 30 microns after degradation by the enzyme and comprises less than 25 wt. % soluble fibres and at least 40% wt. % cellulose; denaturing said enzyme to form a functionalised, amphiphilic dietary fibre with adsorbed enzyme. The present invention further relates to a Pickering particle comprising a functionalised dietary fibre and denatured enzyme and the use of the functionalised dietary fibre and denatured enzyme according to present invention or the Pickering particle according to the present invention to stabilize an emulsion.

Disclosed is a method for preparing a matrix containing metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), comprising the steps of: 1) mixing an organic ligand precursor solution and an anionic polymer-containing solution to produce a mixed solution; and 2) adding a metal salt to the mixture solution. In addition, the present disclosure provides a matrix containing MOFs prepared according to the preparation method, and an adsorbent comprising the same. Furthermore, a method for performing fluid separation by using a matrix containing MOFs prepared according to the preparation method is disclosed.

A binder for a secondary battery includes a copolymer having a first repeating unit, a second repeating unit, and a third repeating unit. A ratio of a number of the first repeating unit (A) and a sum of a number of the second repeating unit and a number of the third repeating unit (B) is 90:10 to 52:48. A ratio of the number of the second repeating unit and the number of the third repeating unit is 67:33 to 1:99. A weight average molecular weight of the copolymer is 225,000 to 2,000,000.

A binder for a secondary battery includes a copolymer having a first repeating unit, a second repeating unit, and a third repeating unit. A ratio of a number of the first repeating unit (A) and a sum of a number of the second repeating unit and a number of the third repeating unit (B) is 90:10 to 52:48. A ratio of the number of the second repeating unit and the number of the third repeating unit is 67:33 to 1:99. A weight average molecular weight of the copolymer is 225,000 to 2,000,000.

The present disclosure provides an aerogel comprising conductive polymers and cellulose nanofibrils (CNF). The present disclosure also provides a sensor comprising the aerogels of the present invention.