A water-soluble film is provided, which is less susceptible to curling even after long-term storage. The water-soluble film includes a polyvinyl alcohol resin (A) , and has a first surface, which has a crystal Unity index Xa, and a second surface, which is opposite to the first surface and has a crystallinity index Xb, where: Xa≥Xb; Xa−Xb is from 0.015 to 0.10; and the crystallinity indexes Xa and Xb are measured through an infrared spectroscopic analysis by an attenuated total reflection method and represented by: ABS.sub.1141/ABS.sub.1093, wherein ABS.sub.1141 and ABS.sub.1093 are absorbances at wavenumbers of 1141 cm.sup.−1 and 1093 cm.sup.−1, respectively.

A moisture-responsive film can include a complexing substrate and an iodine layer applied to the complexing substrate to form the moisture-responsive film. The moisture-responsive film can include a test area formed on a testing surface of the moisture-responsive film.

A moisture-responsive film can include a complexing substrate and an iodine layer applied to the complexing substrate to form the moisture-responsive film. The moisture-responsive film can include a test area formed on a testing surface of the moisture-responsive film.

A hybrid expandable composition that provides improved expansion and loft properties is disclosed. The hybrid expandable composition is particularly useful in providing insulation and/or cushion to substrates.

A hybrid expandable composition that provides improved expansion and loft properties is disclosed. The hybrid expandable composition is particularly useful in providing insulation and/or cushion to substrates.

The invention features biodegradable, compostable molding mass compositions, molding masses, molded articles, coating solutions, and systems and methods for the manufacture of same.

The invention features biodegradable, compostable molding mass compositions, molding masses, molded articles, coating solutions, and systems and methods for the manufacture of same.

The invention features biodegradable, compostable molding mass compositions, molding masses, molded articles, coating solutions, and systems and methods for the manufacture of same.

The technology disclosed herein concerns a methodology for modifying properties of raw materials, offer final composites with preselected and unique mechanical properties.

The technology disclosed herein concerns a methodology for modifying properties of raw materials, offer final composites with preselected and unique mechanical properties.