An electro-conductive hydrogel composite material that may be suitable as an artificial skin satisfies all four requirements of artificial skin, namely, flexibility, electrical conductivity, healing property, and biocompatibility. The electro-conductive hydrogel composite material includes a hydrogel composition including water and a cross-linkable polymer which reversibly forms cross-linkage by hydrogen bonding; and an electro-conductive material dispersed in the hydrogen bond-based hydrogel.

Provided are natural seaweed composite materials comprising one or more insoluble fibers and agar associated with the insoluble fiber. The natural seaweed composite materials are produced by methods comprising high pressure homogenization which maintains the natural complex structure of the insoluble fiber and the agar as in natural unprocessed seaweeds.

Provided are natural seaweed composite materials comprising one or more insoluble fibers and agar associated with the insoluble fiber. The natural seaweed composite materials are produced by methods comprising high pressure homogenization which maintains the natural complex structure of the insoluble fiber and the agar as in natural unprocessed seaweeds.

Provided is a biopolymer composite film that includes a polysaccharide matrix reinforced with soft dendritic colloids and methods for making. The method can include dissolving agarose in water to form a first mixture, mixing nanofibrillated chitosan in the agarose, sonicating or stirring the mixture to form a homogeneous second mixture, casting the second mixture, and gelling the second mixture to form a film. Also provided is a food or consumer product packaging film that includes the biopolymer composite film.

Provided is a biopolymer composite film that includes a polysaccharide matrix reinforced with soft dendritic colloids and methods for making. The method can include dissolving agarose in water to form a first mixture, mixing nanofibrillated chitosan in the agarose, sonicating or stirring the mixture to form a homogeneous second mixture, casting the second mixture, and gelling the second mixture to form a film. Also provided is a food or consumer product packaging film that includes the biopolymer composite film.

Provided is a biopolymer composite film that includes a polysaccharide matrix reinforced with soft dendritic colloids and methods for making. The method can include dissolving agarose in water to form a first mixture, mixing nanofibrillated chitosan in the agarose, sonicating or stirring the mixture to form a homogeneous second mixture, casting the second mixture, and gelling the second mixture to form a film. Also provided is a food or consumer product packaging film that includes the biopolymer composite film.

A biodegradable core-shell microcapsule composition with controlled release of an active material is provided, wherein the shell of the microcapsule is composed of a biopolymer cross-linked with a combination of two or more different types of cross-linking agents.

A biodegradable core-shell microcapsule composition with controlled release of an active material is provided, wherein the shell of the microcapsule is composed of a biopolymer cross-linked with a combination of two or more different types of cross-linking agents.

A biodegradable core-shell microcapsule composition with controlled release of an active material is provided, wherein the shell of the microcapsule is composed of a biopolymer cross-linked with a combination of two or more different types of cross-linking agents.

A composition includes a target pharmaceutical or biological agent, a solution containing the target pharmaceutical or biological agent, and substrate that is soluble in the solution. The substrate is capable of being solidified via a solidification process and the solidification process causes the substrate to become physically or chemically cross-linked, vitrified, or crystallized. As a result of the solidification process, particles are formed. The target pharmaceutical or biological agent within the solution retains proper conformation to ultimately produce a desired effect.