The present disclosure is directed to a poured-in-place protective surface, such as can be installed at a playground. The protective surface includes an impact-attenuation or cushion layer, which comprises a blend of (a) a rubber chunk component made up of granules of reclaimed rubber, the reclaimed rubber being from non-tire sources; (b) a tire buffings component; and (c) a binder. The ratio of rubber chunk component to tire buffings component is selected to be between 1.25:1 and 10:1, and more particularly between 1.25:1 and 5:1.

A rubber composition is based on at least an elastomer, a reinforcing filler and a crosslinking system and a crumb rubber, said crumb having an isoprene elastomer content of greater than 50 phr in the composition of the crumb and a chloroform extract with a weight-average molecular weight of less than 10 000 g/mol.

A rubber composition is based on at least an elastomer, a reinforcing filler and a crosslinking system and a crumb rubber, said crumb having an isoprene elastomer content of greater than 50 phr in the composition of the crumb and a chloroform extract with a weight-average molecular weight of less than 10 000 g/mol.

Recycled rubber is provided, which is formed by depolymerizing 100 parts by weight of rubber and 0.5 to 10 parts by weight of modifier, wherein the modifier is formed by reacting (a) R.sup.1-M, (b) double bond monomer, (c) ethylene sulfide, and (d) polymerization terminator, wherein R.sup.1 is C.sub.4-C.sub.16 alkyl group, M is Li, Na, K, Ba, or Mg and (b) double bond monomer is 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, 1,3-pentadiene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, 2-methyl-1,3-pentadiene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-pentadiene, 2-phenyl-1,3-butadiene, 4,5-diethyl-1,3-octadiene, styrene, 1-ethylene naphthalene, 3-methylstyrene, 3,5-diethylstyrene, 4-propylstyrene, 2,4,6-trimethylstyrene, 4-dodecylstyrene, 3-methyl-5-n-hexylstyrene, 4-phenylstyrene, 2-ethyl-4-benzylstyrene, 3,5-diphenylstyrene, 2,3,4,5-tetraethyl styrene, 3-ethyl-1-vinylnaphthalene, 6-isopropyl-1-vinylnaphthalene, 6-cyclohexyl-1-vinylnaphthalene, 7-dodecyl-2-vinylnaphthalene, α-methyl styrene, or a combination thereof.

Recycled elements and/or renewable resources, such as recycled carbon black or recycled carbon black and recycled particulate rubber, are incorporated into a rubber composition. The rubber composition can be used to manufacture tires or various tire components including tire subtreads.

Recycled elements and/or renewable resources, such as recycled carbon black or recycled carbon black and recycled particulate rubber, are incorporated into a rubber composition. The rubber composition can be used to manufacture tires or various tire components including tire subtreads.

A rubber composition is based on at least an elastomer, a reinforcing filler, a crosslinking system and a crumb rubber, the said crumb exhibiting: an acetone extract of between 8% and 50% by weight; a chloroform extract such that the ratio of the chloroform extract to the acetone extract, expressed as percentage by weight, is less than 1.5, the chloroform extract exhibiting a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of less than 10000 g/mol; and a content of plasticizer of greater than 8% by weight in the composition of the crumb.

A rubber composition is based on at least an elastomer, a reinforcing filler, a crosslinking system and a crumb rubber, the said crumb exhibiting: an acetone extract of between 8% and 50% by weight; a chloroform extract such that the ratio of the chloroform extract to the acetone extract, expressed as percentage by weight, is less than 1.5, the chloroform extract exhibiting a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of less than 10000 g/mol; and a content of plasticizer of greater than 8% by weight in the composition of the crumb.

Crumb rubber obtained from recycled tires is subjected to an interlinked substitution process. The process utilizes a reactive component that interferes with sulfur bonds. The resulting treated rubber exhibits properties similar to those of the virgin composite rubber structure prior to being granulated, and is suitable for use in fabricating new tires, engineered rubber articles, and asphalt rubber for use in waterproofing and paving applications.

Crumb rubber obtained from recycled tires is subjected to an interlinked substitution process. The process utilizes a reactive component that interferes with sulfur bonds. The resulting treated rubber exhibits properties similar to those of the virgin composite rubber structure prior to being granulated, and is suitable for use in fabricating new tires, engineered rubber articles, and asphalt rubber for use in waterproofing and paving applications.