The invention provides novel zwitterionic monomers and polymers (including copolymers) with pendent phosphonium-based zwitterionic moieties, and compositions and products comprising same, as well as related methods and uses of the compositions, for example, as surfactants, coatings, and interlayer materials, biomedical materials or agents.

An object is to obtain a composition capable of: forming a uniform film even by spray coating or even when the composition is applied in the form of ink for inkjet printing; and preventing light emission from a portion other than an ITO electrode surface when the film is mounted on an organic EL device and light is emitted from the device. A conductive polymer composition contains: a composite containing a π-conjugated polymer (A) and a polymer (B) shown by a general formula (1); H.sub.2O (D) for dispersing the composite; a water-soluble organic solvent (C); and a compound (E) shown by a general formula (2). The electric conductivity of a film with a thickness of 20 to 200 nm formed from the conductive polymer composition is less than 1.00E-05 S/cm.

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An object is to obtain a composition capable of: forming a uniform film even by spray coating or even when the composition is applied in the form of ink for inkjet printing; and preventing light emission from a portion other than an ITO electrode surface when the film is mounted on an organic EL device and light is emitted from the device. A conductive polymer composition contains: a composite containing a π-conjugated polymer (A) and a polymer (B) shown by a general formula (1); H.sub.2O (D) for dispersing the composite; a water-soluble organic solvent (C); and a compound (E) shown by a general formula (2). The electric conductivity of a film with a thickness of 20 to 200 nm formed from the conductive polymer composition is less than 1.00E-05 S/cm.

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The present application relates to a field of a flame retardant polystyrene, and specifically discloses a preparation method for a flame retardant polystyrene. The preparation method for a flame retardant polystyrene includes the following steps: predissolving a brominated flame retardant containing a first active functional group in a reaction system of a styrene monomer to form a homogeneous solution; then, performing an end capping reaction by an olefin monomer containing a second active functional group to introduce a double bond at an end of the brominated flame retardant, so that it can be bonded to a polystyrene molecular chain by copolymerizing; performing a prepolymerization in a reactor to obtain a prepolymer; performing a post polymerization in the reactor or by extruding, to obtain a special material or a flame retardant masterbatch of the flame retardant polystyrene.

The present invention provides a polishing composition with which it is possible to decrease a level difference to be unintentionally generated between dissimilar materials and a level difference to be unintentionally generated between coarse and dense portions of a pattern. The present invention relates to a polishing composition which contains abrasive grains having an average primary particle size of 5 to 50 nm, a level difference modifier containing a compound with a specific structure, having an aromatic ring and a sulfo group or a salt group thereof which is directly bonded to this aromatic ring, and a dispersing medium and of which the pH is less than 7.

The present invention provides a polishing composition with which it is possible to decrease a level difference to be unintentionally generated between dissimilar materials and a level difference to be unintentionally generated between coarse and dense portions of a pattern. The present invention relates to a polishing composition which contains abrasive grains having an average primary particle size of 5 to 50 nm, a level difference modifier containing a compound with a specific structure, having an aromatic ring and a sulfo group or a salt group thereof which is directly bonded to this aromatic ring, and a dispersing medium and of which the pH is less than 7.

Provided is a binder composition that can result in high peel strength in an electrode and excellent cycle characteristics in a secondary battery. A binder composition for a non-aqueous secondary battery contains a water-soluble polymer (A) and a water-soluble polymer (B). The water-soluble polymer (A) is formed of one or more types of units selected from the group consisting of unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer units, unsaturated carboxylic acid amide monomer units, unsaturated carboxylic acid ester monomer units, hydroxyl group-containing vinyl monomer units, and vinyl alcohol structural units, and includes a predetermined amount of unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer units. The water-soluble polymer (B) is formed of one or more types of ethylenically unsaturated monomer units, and includes a predetermined amount of sulfo group-containing aromatic vinyl monomer units. The weight-average molecular weight of the water-soluble polymer (A) is 4 times or more the weight-average molecular weight of the water-soluble polymer (B).

Provided is a binder composition that can result in high peel strength in an electrode and excellent cycle characteristics in a secondary battery. A binder composition for a non-aqueous secondary battery contains a water-soluble polymer (A) and a water-soluble polymer (B). The water-soluble polymer (A) is formed of one or more types of units selected from the group consisting of unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer units, unsaturated carboxylic acid amide monomer units, unsaturated carboxylic acid ester monomer units, hydroxyl group-containing vinyl monomer units, and vinyl alcohol structural units, and includes a predetermined amount of unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer units. The water-soluble polymer (B) is formed of one or more types of ethylenically unsaturated monomer units, and includes a predetermined amount of sulfo group-containing aromatic vinyl monomer units. The weight-average molecular weight of the water-soluble polymer (A) is 4 times or more the weight-average molecular weight of the water-soluble polymer (B).

The present invention relates to a process for the production of a layered body (1), at least comprising the process steps: I) provision of a photoactive layer comprising a material having a perovskite type crystal structure; II) superimposing the photoactive layer at least partially with a coating composition A) comprising an electrically conductive polymer a) and an organic solvent b); III) at least partial removal of the organic solvent b) from the coating composition A) superimposed in process step II), thereby obtaining an electrically conductive layer superimposed on the photoactive layer. The present invention also relates to a layered body obtainable by this process, to dispersions, to an electronic device, to a process for the preparation of a photovoltaic device and to the photovoltaic device that is obtainable by this process.

The present invention relates to a process for the production of a layered body (1), at least comprising the process steps: I) provision of a photoactive layer comprising a material having a perovskite type crystal structure; II) superimposing the photoactive layer at least partially with a coating composition A) comprising an electrically conductive polymer a) and an organic solvent b); III) at least partial removal of the organic solvent b) from the coating composition A) superimposed in process step II), thereby obtaining an electrically conductive layer superimposed on the photoactive layer. The present invention also relates to a layered body obtainable by this process, to dispersions, to an electronic device, to a process for the preparation of a photovoltaic device and to the photovoltaic device that is obtainable by this process.