The present invention is to provide a monomer mixture that is cured rapidly even in the presence of oxygen and that forms a cured product having high hardness and excellent adhesion to metals and/or glass. The monomer mixture according to an embodiment of the present invention contains two or more types of cationically polymerizable monomers. As the cationically polymerizable monomers, the monomer mixture contains at least 10 wt. %, based on a total amount of the monomer mixture, of a compound having at least one cationically polymerizable group selected from the group consisting of a vinyl ether group, an epoxy group, and an oxetanyl group, and at least one hydroxy group in a molecule, and at least 5 wt. %, based on the total amount of the monomer mixture, of a compound represented by Formula (b). In the formula, R represents an s-valent straight-chain or branched saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an s-valent group having two or more straight-chain or branched saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups bonded to each other through an ether bond, and s represents an integer of 2 or greater.

The present invention is to provide a monomer mixture that is cured rapidly even in the presence of oxygen and that forms a cured product having high hardness and excellent adhesion to metals and/or glass. The monomer mixture according to an embodiment of the present invention contains two or more types of cationically polymerizable monomers. As the cationically polymerizable monomers, the monomer mixture contains at least 10 wt. %, based on a total amount of the monomer mixture, of a compound having at least one cationically polymerizable group selected from the group consisting of a vinyl ether group, an epoxy group, and an oxetanyl group, and at least one hydroxy group in a molecule, and at least 5 wt. %, based on the total amount of the monomer mixture, of a compound represented by Formula (b). In the formula, R represents an s-valent straight-chain or branched saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an s-valent group having two or more straight-chain or branched saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups bonded to each other through an ether bond, and s represents an integer of 2 or greater.

A fluorine-containing polymer for a metal-clad laminated sheet, containing: a polymerized unit based on a fluorine-containing vinyl monomer; and a polymerized unit based on a vinyl ester monomer other than the fluorine-containing vinyl monomer. The fluorine-containing polymer contains not more than 1 mol % in total of a polymerized unit based on a monomer containing a hydroxy group and a polymerized unit based on a monomer containing a carboxy group, of all polymerized units. Also disclosed is a composition containing the fluorine-containing polymer, a curable composition containing the fluorine-containing polymer and an epoxy resin, a metal-clad laminated sheet including a metal foil and a resin layer provided on the metal foil and being formed of the curable composition, and a printed substrate including a patterned circuit formed by etching the metal foil of the metal-clad laminated sheet.

A fluorine-containing polymer for a metal-clad laminated sheet, containing: a polymerized unit based on a fluorine-containing vinyl monomer; and a polymerized unit based on a vinyl ester monomer other than the fluorine-containing vinyl monomer. The fluorine-containing polymer contains not more than 1 mol % in total of a polymerized unit based on a monomer containing a hydroxy group and a polymerized unit based on a monomer containing a carboxy group, of all polymerized units. Also disclosed is a composition containing the fluorine-containing polymer, a curable composition containing the fluorine-containing polymer and an epoxy resin, a metal-clad laminated sheet including a metal foil and a resin layer provided on the metal foil and being formed of the curable composition, and a printed substrate including a patterned circuit formed by etching the metal foil of the metal-clad laminated sheet.

An electric wire uses a thermoplastic fluororesin composition as an insulating layer covering a periphery of a conductor. The thermoplastic fluororesin composition includes a fluororubber, a fluororesin and a compatibilizer. The fluororesin includes a first fluororesin constituted by perfluoroalkoxy alkane having a melting point of 280° C. or more and 290° C. or less, and the compatibilizer is a terpolymer of tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene and vinylidene fluoride. A weight ratio (%) of the fluororubber to the fluororesin ranges from 20:80 to 60:40, and the fluororubbers are crosslinked to one another by dynamic crosslinking.

An electric wire uses a thermoplastic fluororesin composition as an insulating layer covering a periphery of a conductor. The thermoplastic fluororesin composition includes a fluororubber, a fluororesin and a compatibilizer. The fluororesin includes a first fluororesin constituted by perfluoroalkoxy alkane having a melting point of 280° C. or more and 290° C. or less, and the compatibilizer is a terpolymer of tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene and vinylidene fluoride. A weight ratio (%) of the fluororubber to the fluororesin ranges from 20:80 to 60:40, and the fluororubbers are crosslinked to one another by dynamic crosslinking.

To provide a method capable of separating a monofunctional species, bifunctional species, etc. of a fluorinated ether compound having a polyfluoropolyether chain and a predetermined functional group in good yield and with high separation performance.

A separation method for separating a compound represented by the formula (1) and a compound represented by the formula (2) from a mixture containing them by chromatography using a stationary phase and a mobile phase, wherein the mobile phase contains at least one type of specific solvent selected from a hydrofluoroolefin, a hydrochlorofluoroolefin, a chlorofluoroolefin, a cyclic hydrofluoroolefin, a cyclic hydrochlorofluoroolefin, a cyclic chlorofluoroolefin, a cyclic hydrofluorocarbon, a cyclic hydrochlorofluorocarbon, a cyclic chlorofluorocarbon and a perfluoroketone:

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A method for producing a fluoropolymer, which includes polymerizing a fluoromonomer in an aqueous medium in the presence of a polymer (1), the polymer (1) including a polymerized unit derived from a monomer CX.sub.2═CY(—CZ.sub.2—O—Rf-A), wherein X is the same or different and is —H or —F; Y is —H, —F, an alkyl group, or a fluorine-containing alkyl group; Z is the same or different and is —H, —F, an alkyl group, or a fluoroalkyl group; Rf is a C1-C40 fluorine-containing alkylene group or a C—C100 fluorine-containing alkylene group and having an ether bond; and A is —COOM, —SO.sub.3M, or —OSO.sub.3M, wherein M is —H, a metal atom, —NR.sup.7.sub.4, imidazolium optionally having a substituent, pyridinium optionally having a substituent, or phosphonium optionally having a substituent, wherein R.sup.7 is H or an organic group, providing that at least one of X, Y, and Z contains a fluorine atom.

A method for producing a fluoropolymer, which includes polymerizing a fluoromonomer in an aqueous medium in the presence of a polymer (1), the polymer (1) including a polymerized unit derived from a monomer CX.sub.2═CY(—CZ.sub.2—O—Rf-A), wherein X is the same or different and is —H or —F; Y is —H, —F, an alkyl group, or a fluorine-containing alkyl group; Z is the same or different and is —H, —F, an alkyl group, or a fluoroalkyl group; Rf is a C1-C40 fluorine-containing alkylene group or a C—C100 fluorine-containing alkylene group and having an ether bond; and A is —COOM, —SO.sub.3M, or —OSO.sub.3M, wherein M is —H, a metal atom, —NR.sup.7.sub.4, imidazolium optionally having a substituent, pyridinium optionally having a substituent, or phosphonium optionally having a substituent, wherein R.sup.7 is H or an organic group, providing that at least one of X, Y, and Z contains a fluorine atom.

The present invention provides a polymerizable composition containing a specific polymerizable compound and a fluorosurfactant having, in its molecule, a pentaerythritol skeleton or a dipentaerythritol skeleton. The invention also provides an optically anisotropic body, a retardation film, an antireflective film, and a liquid crystal display device that are produced using the polymerizable composition of the present invention. The present invention is useful because, when an optically anisotropic body is produced by photo-polymerization of the polymerizable composition, three features including the leveling properties of the surface of the optically anisotropic body, offset onto the substrate, and liquid crystal alignment can be improved simultaneously.