Disclosed are methods for forming an activated membrane that can be further derivatized for use purifying plasmid DNA using hydrophobic interaction separation methods. Activated membrane and derivatized membrane formed by the methods are also described. HIC systems incorporating the derivatized membrane as described herein can exhibit a high plasmid DNA binding capacity and short residence times.

Provided are a cellulose composite material, a three-dimensional (3D) printing material and a 3D printing structure including the cellulose composite material, and a method of manufacturing a 3D printing structure using the cellulose composite material. The cellulose material may be used as a 3D printable eco-friendly material using cellulose that is an eco-friendly natural material and a compound having a catechol group that is derived from nature, and a structure implemented with 3D printing has excellent tensile strength or compressive strength.

Provided are a cellulose composite material, a three-dimensional (3D) printing material and a 3D printing structure including the cellulose composite material, and a method of manufacturing a 3D printing structure using the cellulose composite material. The cellulose material may be used as a 3D printable eco-friendly material using cellulose that is an eco-friendly natural material and a compound having a catechol group that is derived from nature, and a structure implemented with 3D printing has excellent tensile strength or compressive strength.

Provided are a cellulose composite material, a three-dimensional (3D) printing material and a 3D printing structure including the cellulose composite material, and a method of manufacturing a 3D printing structure using the cellulose composite material. The cellulose material may be used as a 3D printable eco-friendly material using cellulose that is an eco-friendly natural material and a compound having a catechol group that is derived from nature, and a structure implemented with 3D printing has excellent tensile strength or compressive strength.

A tire has a material diffusion barrier, and a method produces the same. In an embodiment, a method for producing a material diffusion barrier on a tire comprises exposing a surface of the tire to a cationic solution to produce a cationic layer on the surface. The method further comprises exposing the cationic layer to an anionic solution to produce an anionic layer on the cationic layer, wherein a layer comprises the cationic layer and the anionic layer. The layer comprises the material diffusion barrier.

A tire has a material diffusion barrier, and a method produces the same. In an embodiment, a method for producing a material diffusion barrier on a tire comprises exposing a surface of the tire to a cationic solution to produce a cationic layer on the surface. The method further comprises exposing the cationic layer to an anionic solution to produce an anionic layer on the cationic layer, wherein a layer comprises the cationic layer and the anionic layer. The layer comprises the material diffusion barrier.

Methods of forming nanoporous materials are described herein that include forming a polymer network with a chemically removable portion. The chemically removable portion may be polycarbonate polymer that is removable on application of heat or exposure to a base, or a polyhexahydrotriazine (PHT) or polyhemiaminal (PHA) polymer that is removable on exposure to an acid. The method generally includes forming a reaction mixture comprising a formaldehyde, a solvent, a primary aromatic diamine, and a diamine having a primary amino group and a secondary amino group, the secondary amino group having a base-reactive substituent, and heating the reaction mixture to a temperature of between about 50 degC and about 150 degC to form a polymer. Removing any portion of the polymer results in formation of nanoscopic pores as polymer chains are decomposed, leaving pores in the polymer matrix.

Covalently linked linear polyethylenimine (PEI) clusters are provided that change conformation depending upon changes in counterion concentrations. The structures may be used for the storage, delivery, and/or transport of substances.

Covalently linked linear polyethylenimine (PEI) clusters are provided that change conformation depending upon changes in counterion concentrations. The structures may be used for the storage, delivery, and/or transport of substances.

The present disclosure presents hydrogel compositions for use in the treatment of an ocular disorder (e.g., a retinal disease) and methods of treating an ocular disorder in a subject in need thereof with the hydrogel compositions. The hydrogel compositions can include hydroxyphenylpropionic acid (gelatin-HPA), hyaluronic acid-tyramine (HA-Tyr), a catalyzer (e.g., horseradish peroxidase (HRP)), a cell, a crosslinker (e.g., hydrogen peroxide), or any combination thereof. The methods include administering a therapeutically effective amount of a composition into an eye of the subject, wherein the composition includes any of the hydrogel compositions of the disclosure.