A quantum dot including a semiconductor crystal particle having a particle diameter of 20 nm or less, and a ligand having two or more functional groups for interaction with the semiconductor crystal particle coordinates to two or more sites on a surface of the semiconductor crystal particle. A quantum dot with enhanced stability through surface modification on the semiconductor crystal particle by using a ligand which has two or more functional groups for interaction with the semiconductor crystal particle, and which coordinates to two or more sites on the semiconductor particle surface.

A quantum dot including a semiconductor crystal particle having a particle diameter of 20 nm or less, and a ligand having two or more functional groups for interaction with the semiconductor crystal particle coordinates to two or more sites on a surface of the semiconductor crystal particle. A quantum dot with enhanced stability through surface modification on the semiconductor crystal particle by using a ligand which has two or more functional groups for interaction with the semiconductor crystal particle, and which coordinates to two or more sites on the semiconductor particle surface.

Methods of manufacturing electronic devices employing wet-strippable underlayer compositions comprising one or more condensed polymers having an organic polymer chain having pendently-bound moieties having an acidic proton and a pKa in water from −5 to 13 and having pendently-bound siloxane moieties are provided.

Methods of manufacturing electronic devices employing wet-strippable underlayer compositions comprising one or more condensed polymers having an organic polymer chain having pendently-bound moieties having an acidic proton and a pKa in water from −5 to 13 and having pendently-bound siloxane moieties are provided.

The present invention provides a gas barrier laminate having a laminated structure comprising a barrier layer, an inorganic material layer and a base material in this order, wherein the barrier layer includes a water-soluble resin and a condensate of hydrolyzed metal alkoxide, a ratio of an oxygen transmission rate (B) of the gas barrier laminate measured under conditions of a temperature of 40° C. and a relative humidity of 0% RH to an oxygen transmission rate (A) of the gas barrier laminate measured under conditions of a temperature of 23° C. and a relative humidity of 0% RH is 1.80 or less, and the oxygen transmission rate (B) is 1.00 (cc/(m.sup.2.Math.day.Math.atm)) or less.

The present invention provides a gas barrier laminate having a laminated structure comprising a barrier layer, an inorganic material layer and a base material in this order, wherein the barrier layer includes a water-soluble resin and a condensate of hydrolyzed metal alkoxide, a ratio of an oxygen transmission rate (B) of the gas barrier laminate measured under conditions of a temperature of 40° C. and a relative humidity of 0% RH to an oxygen transmission rate (A) of the gas barrier laminate measured under conditions of a temperature of 23° C. and a relative humidity of 0% RH is 1.80 or less, and the oxygen transmission rate (B) is 1.00 (cc/(m.sup.2.Math.day.Math.atm)) or less.

The present invention provides a gas barrier laminate having a laminated structure comprising a barrier layer, an inorganic material layer and a base material in this order, wherein: the barrier layer includes a water-soluble resin and a condensate of hydrolyzed metal alkoxide; and a frictional force of the barrier layer measured by atomic force microscopy is 3.0×10.sup.−4 (V) or less.

The present invention provides a gas barrier laminate having a laminated structure comprising a barrier layer, an inorganic material layer and a base material in this order, wherein: the barrier layer includes a water-soluble resin and a condensate of hydrolyzed metal alkoxide; and a frictional force of the barrier layer measured by atomic force microscopy is 3.0×10.sup.−4 (V) or less.

Provided is a hydrophobic silica aerogel precursor, and a hydrophobic silica aerogel produced using the same. In the methods, a linear silane crosslinking agent containing a PEG-derived unit is introduced when preparing a hydrophobic aerogel precursor, resulting in the production of a hydrophobic silica aerogel having improved high-temperature thermal stability and improved physical properties.

Provided is a hydrophobic silica aerogel precursor, and a hydrophobic silica aerogel produced using the same. In the methods, a linear silane crosslinking agent containing a PEG-derived unit is introduced when preparing a hydrophobic aerogel precursor, resulting in the production of a hydrophobic silica aerogel having improved high-temperature thermal stability and improved physical properties.