The present invention discloses a composition that may be extruded and/or injection moulded, comprising a chemically modified softwood lignin and a polyester selected from PBS (PolyButylene Succinate), PBAT (PolyButylene Adipate Terephthalate) and PCL (PolyCaproLactone) or mixtures thereof. The chemically modified softwood lignin constitutes 10 to 25 weight-% of the total weight of the composition.

Processes for manufacturing novolacs and resoles from lignin are disclosed. A phenol-aldehyde-lignin dispersion is formed which can then be used to make either a novolac or a resole, depending upon the catalysts used.

Provided are cost-effective methods and systems for producing a low molecular weight reactive lignin from a lignocellulosic biomass. The process is rapid and the reactive lignin is easily separated from carbohydrates and other components of the biomass at low cost. This clean lignin product has a very low molecular weight, good hydroxyl content, and low ash and sulfur, making it valuable to many applications.

It is disclosed purifies industrial lignin, performs Mannich reaction on purified industrial lignin, aldehyde and amino acid, simultaneously dopes nitrogen and sulfur elements into lignin, and performs high-temperature activation to obtain the carbonized amino acid modified lignin in accordance with a principle of green chemistry; a porous carbon material is prepared from the carbonized amino acid modified lignin by means of a two-step activation method, and an electrochemical workstation is applied to investigate electrochemical performance of the carbonized amino acid modified lignin as a supercapacitor; layered porous carbon having high specific surface area is prepared, the layered porous carbon has high specific heat capacity and stable cycle performance without attenuation when the supercapacitor is prepared from the layered porous carbon, and the method used has a wide application prospect in the aspect of preparing a porous carbon material for the supercapacitor.

Aromatic alcohol-lignin-aldehyde resins and process for making and using same. In some examples, a process for making a resin can include heating a first mixture that includes a lignin, an aromatic alcohol, and a base compound to produce a second mixture that can include an activated lignin, the aromatic alcohol, and the base compound. The second mixture can be heated with an aldehyde to produce a third mixture that can include an aromatic alcohol-lignin-aldehyde resin and unreacted free aldehyde. In some examples, an aromatic alcohol-lignin-aldehyde resin can be or include a co-polymer of an activated lignin, an aromatic alcohol, and an aldehyde. A weight ratio of the activated lignin to the aromatic alcohol can be about 20:80 to about 95:5.

An article is not pneumatic tyre for a motor vehicle and the article's use are that is suitable as at least a part of a pressurizable container or pipeline. The article includes a first side that is, in use, configured to be exposed to a first environment and a second side that is, in use, configured to be exposed to a second environment. At least a part of the article includes rubber-based material that is configured to restrict fluid permeability and that includes lignin that has been treated by hydrothermal carbonization. The rubber-based material or a coating of the rubber-based material forms at least a part of the first side, and the first side is, in use, configured to be exposed to a higher pressure than the second side. A method is for manufacturing the article.

An article is not pneumatic tyre for a motor vehicle and the article's use are that is suitable as at least a part of a pressurizable container or pipeline. The article includes a first side that is, in use, configured to be exposed to a first environment and a second side that is, in use, configured to be exposed to a second environment. At least a part of the article includes rubber-based material that is configured to restrict fluid permeability and that includes lignin that has been treated by hydrothermal carbonization. The rubber-based material or a coating of the rubber-based material forms at least a part of the first side, and the first side is, in use, configured to be exposed to a higher pressure than the second side. A method is for manufacturing the article.

A method of completely dissolving lignocellulosic biomass. The method includes the steps of dissolving a sample of biomass in an aqueous solution of strong acid and an amine-thiol to yield a first solution. A method for measuring lignin concentration in biomass via absorbance of the first solution at a wavelength of about 283 nm by comparing the measured absorbance to a standard curve of absorbance values made from solutions of known lignin concentration.

There is provided a novel ionic composite material that can be molded into various shapes using lignin sulfonic acid as one of raw materials thereof, and having flexibility and elasticity, to significantly improve the strength and toughness and impart complete biodegradability thereto. It was found that a combination of ε-polylysine (ε-PL) which is a cationic polymer that is produced by microorganisms and lignin sulfonic acid exhibits excellent strength and toughness. In addition, ε-PL used in this technology is a biodegradable polymer that is completely degraded by microorganisms and the like in the environment. Since lignin sulfonic acid is also a biodegradable polymer, it is thought that a complex in which ε-PL and lignin sulfonic acid are mixed in this technology will exhibit complete biodegradability, and more applications thereof can be expected when utilizing the strength, durability, and biodegradability thereof in addition to the improved strength and toughness.

There is provided a novel ionic composite material that can be molded into various shapes using lignin sulfonic acid as one of raw materials thereof, and having flexibility and elasticity, to significantly improve the strength and toughness and impart complete biodegradability thereto. It was found that a combination of ε-polylysine (ε-PL) which is a cationic polymer that is produced by microorganisms and lignin sulfonic acid exhibits excellent strength and toughness. In addition, ε-PL used in this technology is a biodegradable polymer that is completely degraded by microorganisms and the like in the environment. Since lignin sulfonic acid is also a biodegradable polymer, it is thought that a complex in which ε-PL and lignin sulfonic acid are mixed in this technology will exhibit complete biodegradability, and more applications thereof can be expected when utilizing the strength, durability, and biodegradability thereof in addition to the improved strength and toughness.