A wax-extender emulsion including a plurality of wax-extender complex particles suspended in water is described. A wax-extender complex includes a wax component, an organic extender component and a surfactant that stabilizes the wax component and the organic extender component collectively to form the wax-extender complex. The wax-extender emulsion comprises from 2 wt% to 30 wt% organic extender. During manufacturing, the organic extender and wax component are emulsified and homogenized together to produce the wax-extender emulsion. The wax-extender emulsion can be co-applied as a mixture with adhesive resin during wood-based composite manufacturing.

A lignin dispersion composition comprising spherical lignin particles dispersed in an aqueous medium, wherein the spherical lignin particles have a size exclusively within a range of 100 nm to 5 microns. Also described herein is a method of producing the lignin dispersion, by: (i) dissolving lignin in an organic solvent substantially devoid of water yet miscible with water to result in a solution of the lignin in the organic solvent; and (ii) producing the lignin dispersion by dialyzing the solution of the lignin with water until substantially all of the organic solvent is replaced with water with simultaneous formation of spherical lignin particles dispersed in the water. Also described herein is a method for stabilizing an emulsion by intimately mixing the emulsion with the lignin dispersion. Also described herein is a hierarchical assembly of porous microparticles produced by mixing the lignin dispersion with an emulsion and an amphiphilic block copolymer.

Provided is a solvent borne tire ballast composition which includes in a solvent, a low molecular weight lignin in an amount of at least 5 weight % (or optionally, 10 or 15 or 20 weight %) to 30 or 40 or 50 weight % of the solids, and hemicellulose in an amount of at least 0.1 weight % (or optionally, 0.2 or 0.5 or 1.0 or 2.0 or 5.0 weight %) to 20 weight % (or 10 or 15 or 18 or 25 or 30 weight %) of the solids.

A method for producing a modified lignin, including reacting one or more kind of a second generation ethanol fermentation residue and a second generation ethanol saccharification residue, with a phenol compound, a modified lignin having a ratio ((2H+G)/S) of a total of twice of a relative existence ratio H (%) of an H-type skeleton and a relative existence ratio G (%) of a G-type skeleton with respect to a relative existence ratio S (%) of an S-type skeleton, obtained from integrated values measured by .sup.31P-NMR, of 2.5 or more, and an existence ratio of an aliphatic hydroxy group obtained by the same method of less than 20%, and a modified lignin-containing resin composition material.

The present invention provides an automotive tire containing from 0.1 wt % to 50 wt % hydrophobic nanocellulose. Hydrophobic nanocellulose may include lignin-coated nanocellulose and/or a chemically modified surface to increase hydrophobicity. The nanocellulose may include cellulose nanofibrils and/or cellulose nanocrystals. The nanocellulose may be introduced into tire components such as inner liner, body ply, sidewall, beads, apex, belts, treads, cushion gum, and textile fabric. The nanocellulose may be obtained from a biomass-fractionation process utilizing an acid catalyst, a solvent for lignin, and water to generate a lignin-containing nanocellulose precursor, followed by mechanical treatment of the nanocellulose precursor to produce the nanocellulose. For example, the nanocellulose may be obtained from the AVAP® process. The tire may further include one or more additional components derived from lignocellulosic biomass. For example, the tire may contain lignin-derived carbon black, lignin-derived antioxidants, or biomass-derived silica. The tire may also contain synthetic polymers derived from biomass sugars.

The present invention provides an automotive tire containing from 0.1 wt % to 50 wt % hydrophobic nanocellulose. Hydrophobic nanocellulose may include lignin-coated nanocellulose and/or a chemically modified surface to increase hydrophobicity. The nanocellulose may include cellulose nanofibrils and/or cellulose nanocrystals. The nanocellulose may be introduced into tire components such as inner liner, body ply, sidewall, beads, apex, belts, treads, cushion gum, and textile fabric. The nanocellulose may be obtained from a biomass-fractionation process utilizing an acid catalyst, a solvent for lignin, and water to generate a lignin-containing nanocellulose precursor, followed by mechanical treatment of the nanocellulose precursor to produce the nanocellulose. For example, the nanocellulose may be obtained from the AVAP® process. The tire may further include one or more additional components derived from lignocellulosic biomass. For example, the tire may contain lignin-derived carbon black, lignin-derived antioxidants, or biomass-derived silica. The tire may also contain synthetic polymers derived from biomass sugars.

The invention relates to a rubber composition comprising a rubber component that comprises at least one halobutyl rubber selected from the group consisting of bromobutyl rubber and chlorobutyl rubber; and a filler component that comprises at least one filler F1 which has a .sup.14C content in the range of 0.20 to 0.45 Bq/g of carbon; a carbon content in the range of 60 wt. % to 85 wt. % relative to the ash-free and water-free filler; an STSA surface area in the range of 10 m.sup.2/g of filler to 50 m.sup.2/g of filler; and acidic hydroxyl groups on its surface; and wherein the proportion of halobutyl rubber in the rubber composition is 70 to 100 phr. The invention further relates to a vulcanisable and a vulcanised rubber composition based on the aforementioned rubber composition, a kit of parts for preparing the vulcanisable rubber composition, and methods for preparing the rubber composition and the vulcanisable rubber composition. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for further processing the vulcanisable rubber composition, wherein webs are formed which are suitable, when cut to size, for use as inner liners in a method for manufacturing a pneumatic tyre. The invention also relates to the use of the aforementioned hydrothermally carbonised lignin for the preparation of rubber compositions for inner liners.

It is disclosed purifies industrial lignin, performs Mannich reaction on purified industrial lignin, aldehyde and amino acid, simultaneously dopes nitrogen and sulfur elements into lignin, and performs high-temperature activation to obtain the carbonized amino acid modified lignin in accordance with a principle of green chemistry; a porous carbon material is prepared from the carbonized amino acid modified lignin by means of a two-step activation method, and an electrochemical workstation is applied to investigate electrochemical performance of the carbonized amino acid modified lignin as a supercapacitor; layered porous carbon having high specific surface area is prepared, the layered porous carbon has high specific heat capacity and stable cycle performance without attenuation when the supercapacitor is prepared from the layered porous carbon, and the method used has a wide application prospect in the aspect of preparing a porous carbon material for the supercapacitor.

The present disclosure provides an epoxidized natural rubber composite and a preparation process thereof, and relates to the technical field of rubber materials. The epoxidized natural rubber composite provided by the present disclosure comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of epoxidized natural rubber, 1˜30 parts of peanut meal, 0.05˜0.8 parts of surfactants, 0.1˜4 parts of coagulant and 0.2˜12 parts of vulcanization processing aids. The present disclosure utilizes essential amino acids and non-essential amino acids contained in peanut meal to improve the aging resistance of the epoxidized natural rubber. After hot air aging, ozone aging and ultraviolet aging treatments, both the tensile strength retention rate and the elongation at break retention rate of the epoxidized natural rubber composites of the present disclosure can be kept above 83%.

The present disclosure provides an epoxidized natural rubber composite and a preparation process thereof, and relates to the technical field of rubber materials. The epoxidized natural rubber composite provided by the present disclosure comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of epoxidized natural rubber, 1˜30 parts of peanut meal, 0.05˜0.8 parts of surfactants, 0.1˜4 parts of coagulant and 0.2˜12 parts of vulcanization processing aids. The present disclosure utilizes essential amino acids and non-essential amino acids contained in peanut meal to improve the aging resistance of the epoxidized natural rubber. After hot air aging, ozone aging and ultraviolet aging treatments, both the tensile strength retention rate and the elongation at break retention rate of the epoxidized natural rubber composites of the present disclosure can be kept above 83%.