The present invention provides dye compounds optimally excited at about 400 nm and have a Stokes shift of at least about 80 nm. These dyes find use in detection of analyte in a sample and the preparation of dye-conjugates.

The present invention provides a method of optical electrophysiological probing, including: providing a fluorescing chemical probe; contacting a thick portion of tissue with the fluorescing chemical probe to create a thick portion of treated tissue; applying a first range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation to the treated portion of tissue; and detecting a plurality of depth-specific emission wavelengths emitted from the thick portion of treated tissue.

A photosensitizer is a dye represented by the following formula (I) or its salt. In the following chemical formula, m represents an integer of 0 through 4, and n represents an integer of 0 or 1, and p represents an integer of 0 to 2. R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group or the like. R.sub.4, R.sub.4, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7, R.sub.8 and R.sub.9 represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group and the like. X represents a carbonyl group or the like. Z.sub.1 and Z.sub.2 represent a carboxyl group or the like:

##STR00001##

The current invention relates to a compound of formula (I): where X represents a counterion and A represents an amino acid moiety that is cleavable by an enzyme associated with a leukocyte, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

Nonlinear optical chromophores having one or more diamondoid groups covalently attached to the chromophore, methods of making nonlinear optical chromophores, their use in thin films and electro-optical devices containing such nonlinear optical chromophores and thin films comprising the same.

The present invention relates to the field of optical imaging. More particularly, it relates to compounds of the cyanine family with near-infrared emission characterized by improved physico-chemical and biological properties and to conjugates with biological ligands thereof. The invention also relates to the use of these compounds as optical diagnostic agents in imaging or therapy of solid tumors, to the methods for their preparation and to the compositions comprising them.

The present invention provides a fused aromatic compound represented by general formula (1) or general formula (2): ##STR00001##
wherein R.sub.1 to R.sub.8 each independently represent an atom or a functional group selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon oxy group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, an ester group, an acyl group, a cyano group, and a substituted silyl group, X.sub.1 to X.sub.4 each independently represent a cyano group, an ester group, or an acyl group, and Y.sub.1 to Y.sub.4 each independently represent an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or a selenium atom.

This disclosure provides cyanine dye compounds having linked hydrogen bond-forming groups that can be used for detecting nucleic acids, particularly for fluorescent staining of DNA, in a biological sample. We found that the simultaneous incorporation of at least two hydrogen bond-forming groups (HBGs) into such a nucleic acid stain can provide for crosslinking interactions between the stain and the target nucleic acid, and lead to a significant increase in the detection sensitivity without substantially increasing undesirable cytotoxicity or mutagenicity properties of the dye compounds. The cyanine dye compounds can have a cyanine structure that connects two particular fused heterocycle ring systems, where at least two HBGs are connected to the core structure through linkers. Also provided are nucleic acid complexes including the cyanine dye compounds, and methods of using the compounds to detect nucleic acids in a biological sample.

A coloring composition includes colorants and a resin, in which a ratio A/B of a minimum value A of an absorbance in a wavelength range of 400 to 830 nm to a maximum value B of an absorbance in a wavelength range of 1000 to 1300 nm is 4.5 or higher.

Aspects of the disclosure provide biconjugatable labels, labeled biomolecules, and methods of using and making the same.