The present disclosure relates to new compounds and their use as fluorescent labels. The compounds may be used as fluorescent labels for nucleotides in nucleic acid sequencing applications.

To provide an optical filter having shielding effects against near ultraviolet rays and near infrared rays. An optical filter comprising a transparent resin body having a single layer or multilayer structure, and containing a near ultraviolet absorbing dye (U) which is a compound represented by the following formula (U) and which has an absorption maximum at a wavelength of from 370 to 425 nm and has a molar absorptivity at the maximum absorption wavelength of at least 50,000 [L/(mol.Math.cm)], and a near infrared absorbing dye (A) which has an absorption maximum at a wavelength of from 600 to 800 nm: ##STR00001##
In the formula (U), Y is an oxygen atom, a methylene group or a dimethylene group, R.sup.1 is a monovalent hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, or the like, R.sup.2 to R.sup.5 are a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group or the like, and X is a bivalent group represented by any one of the formulae (X1) to (X5) or the like.

According to the present teachings, compositions, kits, and methods for protein melt analysis are provided that utilizing one or more fluorophore dyes. In some embodiments, a method comprises preparing a sample by mixing at least one protein with two or more dyes, and applying a controlled heating, while recording the fluorescence emission of the sample. The methods can be used, for example, for screening conditions for optimized protein stability, screening for ligands that bind and enhance protein stability (e.g., protein-protein interactions), screening for mutations for enhanced stability, screening crystallization conditions for protein stability, screening storage conditions for protein stability, and screening conditions in which a protein will be used (e.g., production conditions, treatment conditions, etc.) for protein stability.

According to the present teachings, compositions, kits, and methods for protein melt analysis are provided that utilizing one or more fluorophore dyes. In some embodiments, a method comprises preparing a sample by mixing at least one protein with two or more dyes, and applying a controlled heating, while recording the fluorescence emission of the sample. The methods can be used, for example, for screening conditions for optimized protein stability, screening for ligands that bind and enhance protein stability (e.g., protein-protein interactions), screening for mutations for enhanced stability, screening crystallization conditions for protein stability, screening storage conditions for protein stability, and screening conditions in which a protein will be used (e.g., production conditions, treatment conditions, etc.) for protein stability.

The present invention relates to novel methine dyes, methods for the preparation thereof and use thereof for dyeing plastics, especially polyamides, so as to obtain yellow to orange colourings with improved light fastness and improved thermal stability.

Provided are dyes and compositions which are useful in a number of applications, such as the detection and monitoring protein aggregation, kinetic studies of protein aggregation, neurofibrillary plaques analysis, evaluation of protein formulation stability, and analysis of molecular chaperone activity.

According to the present teachings, compositions, kits, and methods for protein melt analysis are provided that utilizing one or more fluorophore dyes. In some embodiments, a method comprises preparing a sample by mixing at least one protein with two or more dyes, and applying a controlled heating, while recording the fluorescence emission of the sample. The methods can be used, for example, for screening conditions for optimized protein stability, screening for ligands that bind and enhance protein stability (e.g., protein-protein interactions), screening for mutations for enhanced stability, screening crystallization conditions for protein stability, screening storage conditions for protein stability, and screening conditions in which a protein will be used (e.g., production conditions, treatment conditions, etc.) for protein stability.

According to the present teachings, compositions, kits, and methods for protein melt analysis are provided that utilizing one or more fluorophore dyes. In some embodiments, a method comprises preparing a sample by mixing at least one protein with two or more dyes, and applying a controlled heating, while recording the fluorescence emission of the sample. The methods can be used, for example, for screening conditions for optimized protein stability, screening for ligands that bind and enhance protein stability (e.g., protein-protein interactions), screening for mutations for enhanced stability, screening crystallization conditions for protein stability, screening storage conditions for protein stability, and screening conditions in which a protein will be used (e.g., production conditions, treatment conditions, etc.) for protein stability.

The present invention relates to an optical filter containing: an absorption layer containing a near-infrared absorbing dye (A) having a maximum absorption wavelength in dichloromethane being in a wavelength range of 850 to 1,100 nm and a transparent resin; and a reflection layer formed of a dielectric multilayer film, in which the near-infrared absorbing dye (A) satisfies the following Formulae (1) to (4).

ABS.sub.400(A)DCM/ABS.sub.max(A)DCM<0.10(1),

ABS.sub.550(A)DCM/ABS.sub.max(A)DCM<0.04(2),

ABS.sub.400(A)TR/ABS.sub.max(A)TR<0.15(3), and

ABS.sub.550(A)TR/ABS.sub.max(A)TR<0.10(4).

The present invention relates to an optical filter containing: an absorption layer containing a near-infrared absorbing dye (A) having a maximum absorption wavelength in dichloromethane being in a wavelength range of 850 to 1,100 nm and a transparent resin; and a reflection layer formed of a dielectric multilayer film, in which the near-infrared absorbing dye (A) satisfies the following Formulae (1) to (4).

ABS.sub.400(A)DCM/ABS.sub.max(A)DCM<0.10(1),

ABS.sub.550(A)DCM/ABS.sub.max(A)DCM<0.04(2),

ABS.sub.400(A)TR/ABS.sub.max(A)TR<0.15(3), and

ABS.sub.550(A)TR/ABS.sub.max(A)TR<0.10(4).