The invention relates to a method for producing aniline or an aniline derivative, in which a solution of aminobenzoic acid in aniline with a mass fraction of aniline in the solution, in relation to the total mass of aminobenzoic acid and aniline, in the region of 20% to 85%, is subject to a thermal decarboxylation at a temperature in the region of 165° C. to 500° C. without the presence of a non-system catalyst, such that the aminobenzoic acid is converted into aniline. The obtained aniline can be converted into derivatives, such as di- and polyamines of the diphenylmethane series.

Disclosed is an azo compound represented by Formula (I)

##STR00001##

in which R.sup.1 is hydrogen or methyl, R.sup.2 is hydrogen or methyl, and R.sup.3 is hydrogen, an unsubstituted linear alkyl group of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or an unsubstituted branched alkyl group of from 1 to 9 carbon atoms. This disclosure also provides a black dye composition including the azo compound represented by Formula (I).

Disclosed is an azo compound represented by Formula (I), ##STR00001##
in which R.sup.1 is hydrogen or methyl, R.sup.2 is hydrogen or methyl, and R.sup.3 is hydrogen, an unsubstituted linear alkyl group of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or an unsubstituted branched alkyl group of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms. This disclosure also provides a black dye composition including the azo compound represented by Formula (I).

The invention relates to the use of pigment mixtures which contain at least one pigment of formulas (la) and (lb), wherein variables X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3, X.sup.4, Y.sup.1, Y.sup.2, Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are as ##STR00001##
defined and wherein the pigment mixtures are useful as dyes in printing methods.

Naphthol AS-pigments of formula (I), wherein R1 represents methyl or C3-C8-alkyl; R2 represents hydrogen or C1-C4-alkyl; Y represents C1-C4-alkyl or C1-C4-alkoxy; and Z represents hydrogen, phenyl, naphthyl, or substituted phenyl or substituted naphthyl, wherein the number of substituents can be 1, 2, 3 or 4 and are selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitro, cyano, C1-C4-alkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl, C1-C4-alkylcarbamoyl, di(C1-C4)-alkylcarbamoyl, phenylcarbamoyl, sulfamoyl, phenylsulfannoyl, C1-C4-alkylsulfamoyl, di(C1-C4)-alkylsulfamoyl, C1-C4-acylamino, C1-C4-alkyl and C1-C4-alkoxy.

The present invention relates to disperse azo dyes of formula

##STR00001##

wherein

R.sub.1 is bromo, nitro, cyano, methyl, methoxy or trifluoromethyl;

R.sub.2 is hydrogen, chloro, bromo or trifluoromethyl;

R.sub.3 is hydrogen, chloro, bromo, methoxy, trifluoromethyl, nitro or cyano; and

R.sub.4 is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, 2-methoxyethyl, methoxycarbonylmethyl or 2-methoxycarbonylethyl;

with the proviso that R.sub.1 is cyano in case R.sub.2 denotes chloro or bromo,

to a process for the preparation of such dyes and to their use in the dyeing or printing of semi-synthetic and, especially, synthetic hydrophobic fibre materials, more especially textile materials.

The present invention relates to a water-resistant organic thin film obtained by crosslinking, with organic nitrogen compounds, an organic thin film comprising an organic dye having an anionic group, wherein the organic nitrogen compounds are first, second, and third acyclic organic nitrogen compounds each having two or more nitrogen atoms per molecule, wherein the nitrogen atoms of each of the first, second, and third organic nitrogen compounds are each in a cationic group, and the relation A0.4 nm<B<C is satisfied, wherein A represents a distance (nm) between adjacent nitrogen atoms in the first organic nitrogen compound, B represents a distance (nm) between adjacent nitrogen atoms in the second organic nitrogen compound, and C represents a distance (nm) between adjacent nitrogen atoms in the third organic nitrogen compound.

Provided herein are dyes for detecting and distinguishing metals in a sample, as well as compositions and methods comprising the same.

##STR00001## ##STR00002## ##STR00003##

Electrowetting element including a compound comprising a plurality of colorant moieties and a linker. The plurality of colorant moieties includes a first colorant moiety having a first net dipole and a second colorant moiety having a second net dipole. The plurality of colorant moieties are linked by and disposed around the linker so that the first net dipole and the second net dipole at least partially cancel each other.

A composition contains a compound of formula (1), and a polymerizable liquid crystal compound or a liquid crystalline polymer compound. n represents 1 or 2; Ar.sup.1, Ar.sup.2, and Ar.sup.3 each represent a 1,4-phenylene group or a divalent sulfur-containing aromatic heterocyclic group; At least one of Ar.sup.1 and Ar.sup.2 has a fluorine atom; R.sup.1 represents a single bond or a group selected from OC(?O), C(?O)O, C?C, CH?CH, CH?N, N?N, and N?CH; R.sup.2 represents an alkylamino group or an alkoxy group; R.sup.3 represents a group selected from an alkanediyl group, an alkanediyloxy group, an alkanediyloxycarbonyl group, and an alkanediylcarbonyloxy group; and R.sup.4 represents a polymerizable group or a hydrogen atom.
R.sup.4R.sup.3Ar.sup.1(R.sup.1Ar.sup.2).sub.nN?NAr.sup.3R.sup.2(1)