In the organic electroluminescent device having at least an anode, a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, an electron transport layer and a cathode in this order, the hole injection layer includes an arylamine compound of the following general formula (1) and an electron acceptor.

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In the formula, Ar.sub.4 to Ar.sub.4 may be the same or different, and represent a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted condensed polycyclic aromatic group.

There is provided an electroactive material having Formula I

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wherein: Q is the same or different at each occurrence and can be O, S, Se, Te, NR, SO, SO.sub.2, or SiR.sub.3; R is the same or different at each occurrence and can be hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, or alkynyl; and R.sup.1 through R.sup.6 are the same or different and can be hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, halogen, hydroxyl, aryloxy, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, amino, alkylthio, phosphino, silyl, —COR, —COOR, —PO.sub.3R.sub.2, —OPO.sub.3R.sub.2, or CN.

An electrochromic element is provided. The electrochromic element includes a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode with a gap therebetween, and a color developing layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The color developing layer includes an electrochromic compound that develops and discharges color by a redox reaction and a compound having an adsorption group adsorptive to the first electrode.

The present invention relates to compounds of formula (1) which are suitable for use in electronic devices, especially in organic electroluminescent devices.

A photoelectric conversion element, including a first electrode, a second electrode, and at least one organic layer being present between the first electrode and the second electrode, in which the organic layer contains at least two kinds of compounds having the same skeletons and different substituents in combination.

The invention relates to specific phenanthrenes, the use of the compound in an electronic device, and an electronic device containing at least one of said compounds. The invention further relates to a method for producing the compound and a formulation and composition containing one or more of the compounds.

Methods, systems, and apparatus for monitoring and controlling electronic devices through the use of wired and wireless protocols. The systems and apparatuses may monitor their environment for signals from electronic devices. They may then take and disambiguate the signals that are received from the devices in their environment in order to identify said devices and associate control signals with them. The systems and apparatuses may then use communication means to send control signals to the identified electronic devices. Input and output transmission means for the systems and apparatuses may include, but are not limited to, powerline communication, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, and 6LoWPAN. Signal processing and device identification may be done onboard the device, or may be done at a remote location. Multiple apparatuses or systems may be connected together into networks, including mesh networks, in order to make for a more robust architecture.

An organic light-emitting device including a first electrode; a second electrode; an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an emission layer; and an electron transport region between the second electrode and the emission layer, the electron transport region including a charge control layer, wherein the charge control layer includes a first compound represented by Formula 1 and a second compound represented by Formula 2: ##STR00001##

A condensed cyclic compound and an organic light-emitting device, the compound being represented by Formula 1:
(A.sub.1).sub.a1-(L.sub.1).sub.b1-(A.sub.2).sub.a2  <Formula 1> wherein, in Formula 1, A.sub.1 is a group represented by Formula 2-1, below, a1 is 1, 2, or 3, and, when a1 is 2 or greater, two or more A.sub.1s are identical to or different from each other, A.sub.2 is a group represented by Formula 2-2, below, a2 is 1, 2, or 3, and, when a2 is 2 or greater, two or more A.sub.2s are identical to or different from each other, ##STR00001##

Provided are a novel aromatic amine derivative having a specific structure and an organic electroluminescence device in which an organic thin layer comprising a single layer or plural layers including a light emitting layer is interposed between a cathode and an anode, wherein at leas one layer of the above organic thin layer contains the aromatic amine derivative described above in the form of a single component or a mixed component. Thus, the organic electroluminescence device is less liable to be crystallized in molecules, improved in a yield in producing the organic electroluminescence device and extended in a lifetime.