The present invention relates to a process for coating fibers containing polar moieties with an adduct between a sp.sup.2 hybridized carbon allotrope and a pyrrole derivative, and the coated fibers thus obtained. The present invention further relates to composite materials comprising said coated fibers and the process for the production thereof.

The present invention relates to a carbon nanotube dispersion including carbon nanotubes, a polymer dispersant containing an amine, a phenolic compound including two or more aromatic rings, and an aqueous solvent, wherein the polymer dispersant and the phenolic compound including two or more aromatic rings are included in a weight ratio of 100:1 to 100:90, and having low viscosity and a small change of viscosity over time.

Provided are a composite material capable of further enhancing property derived from carbon nanotubes adhered to carbon fibers, a prepreg, a carbon-fiber-reinforced molded article, and a method for manufacturing a composite material. There is provided a composite material including: carbon fibers; and a structure which includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes and has a network structure in which the carbon nanotubes are in direct contact with each other, and in which the carbon nanotubes adhered to surfaces of the carbon fibers directly adhere to the surfaces of the carbon fibers. The carbon nanotubes have a bent shape having a bent portion.

Provided are a composite material capable of further enhancing property derived from carbon nanotubes adhered to carbon fibers, a prepreg, a carbon-fiber-reinforced molded article, and a method for manufacturing a composite material. There is provided a composite material including: carbon fibers; and a structure which includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes and has a network structure in which the carbon nanotubes are in direct contact with each other, and in which the carbon nanotubes adhered to surfaces of the carbon fibers directly adhere to the surfaces of the carbon fibers. The carbon nanotubes have a bent shape having a bent portion.

The present invention is directed to additive manufacturing compositions and methods for producing additive manufacturing composite blends with oxidized discrete carbon nanotubes with dispersion agents bonded to at least one sidewall of the oxidized discrete carbon nanotubes. Such compositions are especially useful when radiation cured, sintered or melt fused.

The present application pertains to dispersions comprising oxidized, discrete carbon nanotubes and high-surface area carbon nanotubes. The oxidized, discrete carbon nanotubes comprise an interior and exterior surface, each surface comprising an interior surface oxidized species content and an exterior surface oxidized species content. The interior surface oxidized species content differs from the exterior surface oxidized species content by at least 20%, and as high as 100%. The high-surface area nanotubes are generally single-wall nanotubes. The BET surface area of the high-surface area nanotubes is from about 550 m.sup.2/g to about 1500 m.sup.2/g according to ASTM D6556-16. The aspect ratio is at least about 500 up to about 6000. The dispersions comprise from about 0.1 to about 30% by weight nanotubes based on the total weight of the dispersion.

The present application pertains to dispersions comprising oxidized, discrete carbon nanotubes and high-surface area carbon nanotubes. The oxidized, discrete carbon nanotubes comprise an interior and exterior surface, each surface comprising an interior surface oxidized species content and an exterior surface oxidized species content. The interior surface oxidized species content differs from the exterior surface oxidized species content by at least 20%, and as high as 100%. The high-surface area nanotubes are generally single-wall nanotubes. The BET surface area of the high-surface area nanotubes is from about 550 m.sup.2/g to about 1500 m.sup.2/g according to ASTM D6556-16. The aspect ratio is at least about 500 up to about 6000. The dispersions comprise from about 0.1 to about 30% by weight nanotubes based on the total weight of the dispersion.

The present invention discloses a systematic method for phosphorus sustainability, sand soilization and odor removal utilizing the phosphorus-unlocking and odor removing green chemistry of a surface-oxygenated biochar composition made through ozonization in combination with sonication. Surface-oxygenated biochar compositions and sonication-ozonization methods create advanced hydrophilic biochar materials having higher cation exchange capacity, optimized pH, improved wettability, and toxin free components. These sonicated and ozonized biochar compositions are used as filtration materials for clean water and air, as phosphorus solubilizing reagents to mix with phosphate rock materials to make a slow-releasing phosphate fertilizer, as biochar soil additives to help solubilize phosphorus and reduce phosphorus fertilizer additions required to achieve desired soil phosphorus activity, crop uptake, and yield goals, as sand soilization reagents by utilizing their liquid gel-forming activity in the spaces among sand particles to retain water and nutrients and hold the sand particles together, as plant growth stimulants by using the humic acids-like surface-oxygenated biochar substances at a proper ppm concentration and as carbon sequestration agents to help control climate change for energy and environmental sustainability on Earth.

The present invention discloses a systematic method for phosphorus sustainability, sand soilization and odor removal utilizing the phosphorus-unlocking and odor removing green chemistry of a surface-oxygenated biochar composition made through ozonization in combination with sonication. Surface-oxygenated biochar compositions and sonication-ozonization methods create advanced hydrophilic biochar materials having higher cation exchange capacity, optimized pH, improved wettability, and toxin free components. These sonicated and ozonized biochar compositions are used as filtration materials for clean water and air, as phosphorus solubilizing reagents to mix with phosphate rock materials to make a slow-releasing phosphate fertilizer, as biochar soil additives to help solubilize phosphorus and reduce phosphorus fertilizer additions required to achieve desired soil phosphorus activity, crop uptake, and yield goals, as sand soilization reagents by utilizing their liquid gel-forming activity in the spaces among sand particles to retain water and nutrients and hold the sand particles together, as plant growth stimulants by using the humic acids-like surface-oxygenated biochar substances at a proper ppm concentration and as carbon sequestration agents to help control climate change for energy and environmental sustainability on Earth.

Provided are methods for preparing carbon powders and activated carbon powders from cellulose-containing liquids. In some embodiments, the methods include exposing a cellulose-containing liquid to a hydrothermal carbonization process to convert the carbonaceous material present therein into a carbon powder. Also provided are methods for activating carbon powders, methods for producing carbon powder-containing polymer matrices, and carbon powders, activated carbon powders, and polymer matrices that that include the disclosed carbon powders and/or activated carbon powders that are produced by the presently disclosed methods.