A method for producing a submicron-/nano-jute carbon/epoxy composite anti-corrosion coating is described. The method includes heating a jute stick, grinding the jute stick to form a first powder; pyrolyzing the first powder to form a pyrolyzed carbon; grinding the pyrolyzed carbon to form a second powder; ball milling the second powder under the wet conditions to form a submicron-/nano-jutecarbon; mixing the submicron-/nano-jutecarbon, and an epoxy resin to form a first mixture; mixing a hardener with the first mixture to form a second mixture, and coating the second mixture on a mild steel substrate and curing to form the submicron-/nano-jutecarbon/epoxy composite anti-corrosion coating.

Hybrid particles having improved electrical conductivity and thermal and chemical stabilities are disclosed. The hybrid particles are for use in conductive pastes. The hybrid particles include a nanoparticle selected from a graphene-containing material, a dichalcogenide material, a conducting polymer, or a combination thereof encapsulated in a conducting metal. The hybrid particles include a nanoparticle selected from a graphene-containing material, a dichalcogenide material, or a combination thereof encapsulated in a conducting polymer, and optionally further in a conducting metal. Suitable conducting metals include nickel or silver. Suitable conducting polymers include polyaniline, polypyrrole, or polythiophene. Suitable dichalcogenide materials include MoS.sub.2 or MoSe.sub.2. The hybrid particles can further include a conducting polymer layer on an outer surface of the conducting metal. Methods of making the hybrid particles are also disclosed.

Hybrid particles having improved electrical conductivity and thermal and chemical stabilities are disclosed. The hybrid particles are for use in conductive pastes. The hybrid particles include a nanoparticle selected from a graphene-containing material, a dichalcogenide material, a conducting polymer, or a combination thereof encapsulated in a conducting metal. The hybrid particles include a nanoparticle selected from a graphene-containing material, a dichalcogenide material, or a combination thereof encapsulated in a conducting polymer, and optionally further in a conducting metal. Suitable conducting metals include nickel or silver. Suitable conducting polymers include polyaniline, polypyrrole, or polythiophene. Suitable dichalcogenide materials include MoS.sub.2 or MoSe.sub.2. The hybrid particles can further include a conducting polymer layer on an outer surface of the conducting metal. Methods of making the hybrid particles are also disclosed.

A method includes positioning a porous structure in a pressure cell; injecting an inert pressure medium within the pressure cell; and pressurizing the pressure cell to a pressure that thermodynamically favors a crystalline phase of the porous structure over an amorphous phase of the porous structure to transition the amorphous phase of the porous structure into the crystalline phase of the porous structure.

A method includes positioning a porous structure in a pressure cell; injecting an inert pressure medium within the pressure cell; and pressurizing the pressure cell to a pressure that thermodynamically favors a crystalline phase of the porous structure over an amorphous phase of the porous structure to transition the amorphous phase of the porous structure into the crystalline phase of the porous structure.

Provided is a layered product with high jet-black. A layered product according to the present invention is a layered product (10) including at least a first layer (1) and a second layer (2) that are stacked. A value of L* in a L*a*b* color system defined by JIS Z8729 of the first layer (1) is ten or less. The second layer (2) is formed on the first layer (1) and 0.1 to 1 mass % of carbon nanotubes are contained in a material constituting the second layer (2). In the L*a*b* color system defined by JIS Z8729, when values are measured from a side of a plane of the second layer (2), a value of L* is 2.5 or less, a value of a* is 2.0 or greater and 2.0 or less, and a value of b* is 2.0 or greater and 0.5 or less.

Provided is a layered product with high jet-black. A layered product according to the present invention is a layered product (10) including at least a first layer (1) and a second layer (2) that are stacked. A value of L* in a L*a*b* color system defined by JIS Z8729 of the first layer (1) is ten or less. The second layer (2) is formed on the first layer (1) and 0.1 to 1 mass % of carbon nanotubes are contained in a material constituting the second layer (2). In the L*a*b* color system defined by JIS Z8729, when values are measured from a side of a plane of the second layer (2), a value of L* is 2.5 or less, a value of a* is 2.0 or greater and 2.0 or less, and a value of b* is 2.0 or greater and 0.5 or less.

A biomass treatment method includes steps as follows. A biomass and sodium percarbonate are provided, wherein the biomass includes hemicellulose, cellulose and/or lignin. The biomass and the sodium percarbonate are mixed.

A biomass treatment method includes steps as follows. A biomass and sodium percarbonate are provided, wherein the biomass includes hemicellulose, cellulose and/or lignin. The biomass and the sodium percarbonate are mixed.

Provided is a surface-modified nanodiamond having excellent dispersibility in an organic solvent, and a method capable of introducing various surface-modifying groups and easily producing surface-modified nanocarbon particles with little zirconia contamination. The surface-modified nanodiamond includes nanodiamond particles and a group that surface-modifies the nanodiamond particles and is represented by Formula (1): XR.sup.1 (1) [where X represents NH, O, OC(?O), C(?O)O, NHC(?O), C(?O)NH, or S; the bond extending left from X is bonded to a nanodiamond particle; R.sup.1 represents a monovalent organic group that does not have a hydroxy group, carboxy group, amino group, mono-substituted amino group, terminal alkenyl group, and terminal epoxy group; an atom bound to X is a carbon atom; and a molar ratio of carbon atoms to the total amount of heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms, sulfur atoms, and silicon atoms is 4.5 or greater.