A method for manufacturing a carbon-containing particulate product. A starting material containing a carbonisable precursor material and/or carbon is dispersed in a gas and is conducted through a reaction zone in which at least some of the carbon contained in the product is formed, the gas flowing in a pulsed manner at least in the reaction zone

A sorbent composition for pelletized carbon products having high strength and water resistance is disclosed. Also disclosed are methods of producing and using sorbent compositions of pelletized carbon products having higher strength and water resistance. Other embodiments include a system and method for removing contaminants from a process gas stream.

The present disclosure relates to a carbon-based nanomaterial composition that may be formed from a gas mixture. The gas mixture may include acetylene gas at a molar ratio AG.sub.mol/GM.sub.mol of at least about 0.25 and not greater than about 0.99, oxygen gas at a molar ratio OG.sub.mol/GM.sub.mol of at least about 0.01 and not greater than about 0.55, hydrogen gas at a molar ratio HG.sub.mol/GM.sub.mol of at least about 0.05 and not greater than about 0.75, and methane gas at a molar ratio MG.sub.mol/GM.sub.mol of at least about 0.25 and not greater than about 0.99. The carbon-based nanomaterial composition may have a carbon hybridization ratio P.sub.sp3/P.sub.sp2 of at least about 0.0 and not greater than about 5.0, where P.sub.sp3 is the percent of carbon within the carbon-based nanomaterial composition having a sp3 hybridization and P.sub.sp2 is the percent of carbon within the carbon-based nanomaterial composition having a sp2 hybridization.

The present disclosure relates to a carbon-based nanomaterial composition that may be formed from a gas mixture. The gas mixture may include acetylene gas at a molar ratio AG.sub.mol/GM.sub.mol of at least about 0.55 and not greater than about 0.99, oxygen gas at a molar ratio OG.sub.mol/GM.sub.mol of at least about 0.01 and not greater than about 0.75, and hydrogen gas at a molar ratio HG.sub.mol/GM.sub.mol of at least about 0.05 and not greater than about 0.90. The carbon-based nanomaterial composition may have a carbon hybridization ratio P.sub.sp3/P.sub.sp2 of at least about 0.0 and not greater than about 5.0, where P.sub.sp3 is the percent of carbon within the carbon-based nanomaterial composition having a sp3 hybridization and P.sub.sp2 is the percent of carbon within the carbon-based nanomaterial composition having a sp2 hybridization.

The present disclosure relates to a carbon-based nanomaterial composition that may be formed from a gas mixture. The gas mixture may include acetylene gas at a molar ratio AG.sub.mol/GM.sub.mol of at least about 0.25 and not greater than about 0.99, oxygen gas at a molar ratio OG.sub.mol/GM.sub.mol of at least about 0.01 and not greater than about 0.50, hydrogen gas at a molar ratio HG.sub.mol/GM.sub.mol of at least about 0.05 and not greater than about 0.70, and methane gas at a molar ratio MG.sub.mol/GM.sub.mol of at least about 0.25 and not greater than about 0.99. The carbon-based nanomaterial composition may have a carbon hybridization ratio P.sub.sp3/P.sub.sp2 of at least about 0.0 and not greater than about 5.0, where P.sub.sp3 is the percent of carbon within the carbon-based nanomaterial composition having a sp3 hybridization and P.sub.sp2 is the percent of carbon within the carbon-based nanomaterial composition having a sp2 hybridization.

A gelling nanofluid and methods for manufacture are provided. The composition and methods for manufacture produce nanofluid gels so that the settlement of nanoparticles in a base fluid is improved due to the inhibition of particle movement in the gel. The nanofluid gel is produced by using a gelling agent which is either coated on the nanoparticles prior to dispersion in the base fluid or directly introduced in the base fluid.

A gelling nanofluid and methods for manufacture are provided. The composition and methods for manufacture produce nanofluid gels so that the settlement of nanoparticles in a base fluid is improved due to the inhibition of particle movement in the gel. The nanofluid gel is produced by using a gelling agent which is either coated on the nanoparticles prior to dispersion in the base fluid or directly introduced in the base fluid.

The present disclosure relates to oxidized carbon nanoparticles, and a method for producing same. The oxidized carbon nanoparticles are nano-sized spherical particles of oxidized carbon have a C/O atomic ratio from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of 1 to 9, and the largest fraction of oxygen thereof from XPS is observed in a C—O(OH) bind. The oxidized carbon nanoparticles have better physical properties than typical carbon materials such as graphite or carbon black, and the producing process thereof is economical and environmentally-friendly. Further, the oxidized carbon nanoparticles may be applied as a filling material of an organic/inorganic composite, and when applied as such, is environmentally-friendly, economical, exhibits excellent dispersion properties, and may be immediately used without post-processing, such as functionalization.

Disclosed and claimed herein is a composition for forming a spin-on hard-mask, having a fullerene derivative and a crosslinking agent. Further disclosed is a process for forming a hard-mask.

This disclosure relates to graphene derivatives, as well as related devices including graphene derivatives and methods of using graphene derivatives.