A process for exfoliating untreated 3-dimensional material to produce a 2-dimensional material, said process comprising the steps of mixing the untreated 3-dimensional material in a liquid to provide a mixture; applying shear force to said mixture to exfoliate the 3-dimensional material and produce dispersed exfoliated 2-dimensional material in solution; and removing the shear force applied to said mixture, such that the dispersed exfoliated 2-dimensional material remains free and unaggregated in solution.

Carbonate pigment compositions are provided. In some instances, the pigment compositions are CO2 sequestering pigment compositions. Also provided are methods of making and using the pigment compositions, e.g., in paints and coatings, as well as other applications.

The present invention relates to a process for the manufacturing of a calcium carbonate-comprising material, to a calcium carbonate-comprising material obtained by the process as well as the use of the calcium carbonate-comprising material for paper filler and paper coating applications, in plastics applications, in paints, in adhesives, in sealings, in concrete, in agriculture applications, in food applications, in cosmetic applications or in pharmaceutical applications.

Provided are a cured material having a high refractive index for an optical member obtained by preparing a stable dispersion with a small amount of dispersant, and a process for producing dispersion of fine inorganic particles which is capable of drastically shortening the dispersion process time without causing overdispersion under the conditions of high solid concentration and without using media having a small particle size, which are very expensive and for which available dispersing machines are limited. Provided are a process for producing dispersion of fine inorganic particles using a media type wet dispersing machine, which includes supplying the following (A) to (D) to the wet dispersing machine, provided that (D) is supplied last to the wet dispersing machine: (A) Zirconium oxide nanoparticle, (B) Silane coupling agent, (C) Dispersion medium, and (D) Dispersant;
a curable composition containing a dispersion obtained by the producing process; and a cured material obtained therefrom.

Provided are a cured material having a high refractive index for an optical member obtained by preparing a stable dispersion with a small amount of dispersant, and a process for producing dispersion of fine inorganic particles which is capable of drastically shortening the dispersion process time without causing overdispersion under the conditions of high solid concentration and without using media having a small particle size, which are very expensive and for which available dispersing machines are limited. Provided are a process for producing dispersion of fine inorganic particles using a media type wet dispersing machine, which includes supplying the following (A) to (D) to the wet dispersing machine, provided that (D) is supplied last to the wet dispersing machine: (A) Zirconium oxide nanoparticle, (B) Silane coupling agent, (C) Dispersion medium, and (D) Dispersant;
a curable composition containing a dispersion obtained by the producing process; and a cured material obtained therefrom.

Provided is a kaolin having a finer particle size and a narrower particle size distribution, in combination with suitable morphology. Also provided are a method of preparing the kaolin product and methods of use.

The present disclosure provides functionalized powder particles and methods of forming functionalized powder particles. The functionalization is acquired through the formation of primary and/or secondary structures on a powder particle. Functionalization can be controlled to bring about changes in a broad range of physical and/or chemical properties.

The present disclosure provides functionalized powder particles and methods of forming functionalized powder particles. The functionalization is acquired through the formation of primary and/or secondary structures on a powder particle. Functionalization can be controlled to bring about changes in a broad range of physical and/or chemical properties.

A process for preparing whitened fly ash includes the steps of: (a) subjecting fly ash to a size classification step to obtain size classified fly ash having a particle size such that at least 90 wt % has a particle size of from 44 ?m to 250 ?m; (b) optionally, contacting the size classified fly ash from step (a) with water to form a slurry, wherein the slurry has a solid content of less than 40 wt %; (c) subjecting the slurry obtained in step (b) to an exhaustive magnetic separation step to form magnetically treated fly ash, wherein the exhaustive magnetic separation step includes a first magnetic extraction step and a second magnetic extraction step, wherein the second magnetic extraction step is carried out at a higher magnetic field strength than the first magnetic extraction step; and (d) subjecting the magnetically treated fly ash obtained in step (c) to milling to form whitened fly ash.

A method of forming a heat transfer fluid includes dispersing an aluminum oxide powder in water to form a slurry; combining the slurry with water to form a first combination; adding a first amount of a chelating agent to the first combination to form a second combination; adding a first amount of a surfactant to the second combination to form a third combination; adding one of the group consisting of propylene glycol and ethylene glycol to the third combination to form a fourth combination; adding a second amount of the chelating agent to the fourth combination to form a fifth combination; adding a second amount of the surfactant to the fifth combination to form a sixth combination; and mixing the sixth combination to form the heat transfer fluid.