An apparatus and methods for using coatings for metal applications are disclosed. According to one embodiment, an article comprises a cured polymeric film having a first reaction product of a cationic photoinitiator and a compound suitable for cationic polymerization. The article has a second reaction product of a free-radical photoinitiator and a compound suitable for free-radical polymerization; The article has a metal substrate, wherein the cured polymeric film coats the metal substrate.

An apparatus and methods for using coatings for metal applications are disclosed. According to one embodiment, an article comprises a cured polymeric film having a first reaction product of a cationic photoinitiator and a compound suitable for cationic polymerization. The article has a second reaction product of a free-radical photoinitiator and a compound suitable for free-radical polymerization; The article has a metal substrate, wherein the cured polymeric film coats the metal substrate.

An object of the present invention is to provide a calcium phosphate powder that enables the preparation of a slurry for additive manufacturing with excellent dispersion stability, and enables the production of a three-dimensional additive manufacturing article with high strength, in additive manufacturing. Provided is a calcium phosphate powder, having an average particle size (D.sub.50) of 0.1 to 5.0 μm, and having a pore volume of mesopores (pore size: 2 to 50 nm) of 0.01 to 0.06 cc/g as measured by a gas adsorption method. The calcium phosphate powder has excellent dispersion stability in a slurry for additive manufacturing, and, by performing additive manufacturing using a slurry for additive manufacturing containing the calcium phosphate, it is possible to produce a three-dimensional additive manufacturing article with high strength, which is useful as an implant, such as an artificial bone.

An object of the present invention is to provide a calcium phosphate powder that enables the preparation of a slurry for additive manufacturing with excellent dispersion stability, and enables the production of a three-dimensional additive manufacturing article with high strength, in additive manufacturing. Provided is a calcium phosphate powder, having an average particle size (D.sub.50) of 0.1 to 5.0 μm, and having a pore volume of mesopores (pore size: 2 to 50 nm) of 0.01 to 0.06 cc/g as measured by a gas adsorption method. The calcium phosphate powder has excellent dispersion stability in a slurry for additive manufacturing, and, by performing additive manufacturing using a slurry for additive manufacturing containing the calcium phosphate, it is possible to produce a three-dimensional additive manufacturing article with high strength, which is useful as an implant, such as an artificial bone.

A pattern forming method comprises dispensing a curable composition onto an underlayer of a substrate; bringing the curable composition into contact with a mold; irradiating the curable composition with light to form a cured film; and separating the cured film from the mold. The proportion of the number of carbon atoms relative to the total number of atoms in the underlayer is 80% or more. The dispensing step comprises a first dispensing step of dispensing a curable composition (A1) substantially free of a fluorosurfactant onto the underlayer, and a second dispensing step of dripping a droplet of a curable composition (A2) having a fluorosurfactant concentration in components excluding a solvent of 1.1% by mass or less onto the curable composition (A1) discretely.

A pattern forming method comprises dispensing a curable composition onto an underlayer of a substrate; bringing the curable composition into contact with a mold; irradiating the curable composition with light to form a cured film; and separating the cured film from the mold. The proportion of the number of carbon atoms relative to the total number of atoms in the underlayer is 80% or more. The dispensing step comprises a first dispensing step of dispensing a curable composition (A1) substantially free of a fluorosurfactant onto the underlayer, and a second dispensing step of dripping a droplet of a curable composition (A2) having a fluorosurfactant concentration in components excluding a solvent of 1.1% by mass or less onto the curable composition (A1) discretely.

A transfer film includes a temporary support; and a photosensitive layer, in which the photosensitive layer includes a polymer A containing a constitutional unit represented by Formula A1, a constitutional unit derived from a monomer having an alicyclic structure, and a constitutional unit having a radically polymerizable group, a radically polymerizable compound, and a photopolymerization initiator, a content of the constitutional unit represented by Formula A1 is 10% by mass or more with respect to a total mass of the polymer A, a content of the constitutional unit derived from the monomer having the alicyclic structure is 15% by mass or more with respect to a total mass of the polymer A, and a glass transition temperature of a homopolymer of the monomer having the alicyclic structure is 120° C. or higher. ##STR00001##

A transfer film includes a temporary support; and a photosensitive layer, in which the photosensitive layer includes a polymer A containing a constitutional unit represented by Formula A1, a constitutional unit derived from a monomer having an alicyclic structure, and a constitutional unit having a radically polymerizable group, a radically polymerizable compound, and a photopolymerization initiator, a content of the constitutional unit represented by Formula A1 is 10% by mass or more with respect to a total mass of the polymer A, a content of the constitutional unit derived from the monomer having the alicyclic structure is 15% by mass or more with respect to a total mass of the polymer A, and a glass transition temperature of a homopolymer of the monomer having the alicyclic structure is 120° C. or higher. ##STR00001##

A coating composition, an organic light emitting device using the same, and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a coating composition including a compound represented by Formula 1 and a compound represented by Formula 2. In some embodiments, an organic light emitting device includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and an organic material layer having one or more layers provided between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the one or more layers comprise the coating composition or a cured product thereof.

A coating composition, an organic light emitting device using the same, and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a coating composition including a compound represented by Formula 1 and a compound represented by Formula 2. In some embodiments, an organic light emitting device includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and an organic material layer having one or more layers provided between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the one or more layers comprise the coating composition or a cured product thereof.