The present invention relates to aqueous dispersions containing at least one polyurethane and at least one compound with a biocidal action, the at least one compound with a biocidal action containing at least one peroxide group and being present in a quantity of between 0.01 and 1,000 mmol/kg, in relation to the total aqueous dispersion, and relates to a process for preparing a biocide-free aqueous polyurethane dispersion, said process comprising at least the steps: (A) preparing an aqueous solution containing at least one polyurethane and at least one compound with a biocidal action, the at least one compound with a biocidal action containing at least one peroxide group and being present in a quantity of between 0.01 and 1,000 mmol/kg, in relation to the total aqueous dispersion; and (B) treating the aqueous dispersion from step (A) with at least one compound with an anti-oxidative action, in order to obtain the biocide-free aqueous polyurethane dispersion, and in addition relates to the use of at least one compound with an anti-oxidative action for treating an aqueous dispersion containing at least one polyurethane and at least one compound with a biocidal action, the at least one compound with a biocidal action containing at least one peroxide group and being present in a quantity of between 0.01 and 1,000 mmol/kg, in relation to the total aqueous dispersion.

This invention refers to a paint composition with prolonged release biocides to repel, reduce, and control insects, characterized by: a) A cbp vehicle, preferably a water-based acrylic vinyl paint; b) At least one pyrethroid biocide or its mixture, selected from: b1) microencapsulated deltamethrin as an active ingredient; b2) microencapsulated cypermethrin as an active ingredient; Where said pyrethroid biocides are activated or catalyzed through (PBO) piperonyl butoxide, and Wherein said microcapsules of the active ingredients are obtained through a microencapsulation process by interfacial polymerization, and/or a microencapsulation by ionic gelation process, for a prolonged release with regards to the biocidal active ingredients' interval.

The present disclosure relates to an antifouling coating layer, and in detail, provides a method of manufacturing an antifouling coating layer having excellent antifouling characteristic and durability through quick deposition using iCVD.

Anti-fouling coatings and associated systems and methods are generally described. In some aspects, a system comprises a substrate, a coating disposed on at least a portion of the substrate, and a fluid comprising one or more foulants, where the coating is configured to be in physical contact with the fluid during use. According to some embodiments, a full-spectral Hamaker constant associated with the coating and the fluid is relatively low (e.g., about 20 zj or less, about 10 zj or less), and the van der Waals (vdW) force between the coating and the one or more foulants is, therefore, correspondingly low. Under some conditions (e.g., high temperature and/or high pressure conditions), intermolecular interactions between the coating and the one or more foulants may he dominated by the vdW force, and a relatively low vdW force may reduce the likelihood of the one or more foulants adhering to and/or otherwise being deposited on the coating.

Anti-fouling coatings and associated systems and methods are generally described. In some aspects, a system comprises a substrate, a coating disposed on at least a portion of the substrate, and a fluid comprising one or more foulants, where the coating is configured to be in physical contact with the fluid during use. According to some embodiments, a full-spectral Hamaker constant associated with the coating and the fluid is relatively low (e.g., about 20 zj or less, about 10 zj or less), and the van der Waals (vdW) force between the coating and the one or more foulants is, therefore, correspondingly low. Under some conditions (e.g., high temperature and/or high pressure conditions), intermolecular interactions between the coating and the one or more foulants may he dominated by the vdW force, and a relatively low vdW force may reduce the likelihood of the one or more foulants adhering to and/or otherwise being deposited on the coating.

The invention relates to ester-linked surface-modifying macromolecules and admixtures thereof as shown below by the representative compounds. The admixtures can be used in industrial and medical applications where enhanced surface properties are desirable (e.g., surface properties reducing or preventing biofouling, immobilization of biomolecules, or denaturation of certain biomolecules).

##STR00001##

Systems, devices, and methods for a cosmetic sponge having: a tip portion at one end of the cosmetic sponge; an angled portion, where the tip portion is surrounded by the angled portion; a bulbous portion, where the bulbous portion is disposed proximate a bottom of the cosmetic sponge; and a bottom portion, where the bottom portion is surrounded by the bulbous portion; and a thermochromic pigment in at least a portion of the cosmetic sponge, where the portion of the cosmetic sponge changes from a first color at a first temperature to a second color at a second temperature.

Provided is an antifouling composition including a tetrafunctional silane-based compound (A) having a specified structure, a trifunctional silane-based compound having a specified structure, and at least one metal catalyst (C) selected from the group consisting of a titanium-based catalyst, an aluminum-based catalyst, a tin-based catalyst, and a zinc-based catalyst, the antifouling composition satisfying the following relational expression (1).

1.5≦y≦2x+1  Expression (1):

In the expression, x indicates the carbon number of an alkyl group that is selected for R.sup.2 in the formula (b) representing the silane-based compound (B) and indicates a number of 4 to 22; and y indicates a blending amount ratio (A)/(B) in a molar ratio of the silane-based compound (A) to the silane-based compound (B).

According to one or more embodiments, an antifouling material may include a body that includes a first major surface and a second major surface opposite the first major surface, wherein at least a portion of the first major surface is textured and includes a nanostructured surface, where the nanostructured surface includes an average surface feature size of less than 100 nm. According to one or more embodiments, the body may include a polymer and a toxin, where the toxin is covalently bonded to the polymer. According to one or more embodiments, the body may include an epoxy and capsaicin.

Methods of protecting a propeller include applying an inner polymer layer onto a propeller. The inner polymer layer is impregnated with a biologically active chemical substance that inhibits biofouling-induced chemical, biological, and bio-proliferative damage and that does not chemically or galvanically interact with a material of the propeller. An outer polymer layer is applied onto the inner polymer layer, the outer polymer layer being impregnated with a biologically active chemical substance that inhibits biofouling-induced chemical, biological, and bio-proliferative damage and that repels biofouling organisms to prevent invasion of the inner polymer layer.