The present invention provides one with an iron electrode employing a binder comprised of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) binder. In one embodiment, the invention comprises an iron based electrode comprising a single layer of a conductive substrate coated on at least one side with a coating comprising an iron active material and a binder, wherein the binder is PVA. This iron based electrode is useful in alkaline rechargeable batteries, particularly as a negative electrode in a Ni—Fe battery.

Provided is a varnish for the formation of a charge-transporting thin film, said varnish including an organic solvent, a charge-transporting substance, and a 2,2,6,6-tetraalkylpiperidine-N-oxyl derivative represented by formula (T1)

##STR00001##

(in the formula, each R.sup.A independently represents a C1-20 alkyl group, and R.sup.B represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, an amino group, a carboxyl group, a cyano group, an oxo group, an isocyanato group, a C1-20 alkoxy group, a C2-20 alkylcarbonyloxy group, a C7-20 arylcarbonyloxy group, a C2-20 alkylcarbonylamino group or a C7-20 arylcarbonylamino group).

Provided is a varnish for the formation of a charge-transporting thin film, said varnish including an organic solvent, a charge-transporting substance, and a 2,2,6,6-tetraalkylpiperidine-N-oxyl derivative represented by formula (T1)

##STR00001##

(in the formula, each R.sup.A independently represents a C1-20 alkyl group, and R.sup.B represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, an amino group, a carboxyl group, a cyano group, an oxo group, an isocyanato group, a C1-20 alkoxy group, a C2-20 alkylcarbonyloxy group, a C7-20 arylcarbonyloxy group, a C2-20 alkylcarbonylamino group or a C7-20 arylcarbonylamino group).

According to embodiments of the present invention, a conductive paste is provided. The conductive paste has a cam-position including a plurality of conductive nanoparticles and a plurality of conductive nanowires, wherein a weight ratio of the plurality of conductive nanoparticles to the plurality of conductive nanowires is between about 10:1 and about 50:1. According to further embodiments of the present invention, a method for forming an interconnection and an electrical device are also provided.

According to embodiments of the present invention, a conductive paste is provided. The conductive paste has a cam-position including a plurality of conductive nanoparticles and a plurality of conductive nanowires, wherein a weight ratio of the plurality of conductive nanoparticles to the plurality of conductive nanowires is between about 10:1 and about 50:1. According to further embodiments of the present invention, a method for forming an interconnection and an electrical device are also provided.

The present invention relates to formulations comprising at least one organic semiconductor and at least one organic solvent, characterized in that the formulation contains less than 10,000 particles per liter formulation having an average size in the range from 0.1 to 20 μm, to their use for the preparation of electronic devices, to methods for preparing electronic devices using the formulations of the present invention, and to electronic devices prepared from such methods and formulations.

The present invention relates to formulations comprising at least one organic semiconductor and at least one organic solvent, characterized in that the formulation contains less than 10,000 particles per liter formulation having an average size in the range from 0.1 to 20 μm, to their use for the preparation of electronic devices, to methods for preparing electronic devices using the formulations of the present invention, and to electronic devices prepared from such methods and formulations.

Provided is a coating for forming a conductive release layer capable of forming a conductive release layer having high adhesion to a film base material, suppressing deterioration in conductivity over time in the air, and having a sufficient releasing property. The coating for forming a conductive release layer of the present invention contains a conductive composite including a π-conjugated conductive polymer and a polyanion, an epoxy compound having an epoxy group, a curable silicone, a polyester resin, and an organic solvent.

A method is provided to make a nano-silver paste. An organic acid is used as a protective agent. Silver nitrate is used as a source of silver ions to reduce silver nanoparticles on a surface protected by the organic acid. The particle size of the silver nanoparticle is 45 nanometers. In the other hand, a silver precursor of organic metal is synthesized. The organic metal is cracked at 200 celsius degrees (° C.) to fill pores left during sintering. After mixing the silver nanoparticle, the silver precursor and the solvent, the nano-silver paste is obtained. After being heated at 250° C. for 30 minutes, the nano-silver paste has a resistance of (3.09±0.61)×10.sup.−5 Ω.Math.cm. By being heated at 250° C. and applied with a pressure of 10 MPa to be hot-pressed for 30 minutes for joining copper to copper, the nano-silver paste obtains a bonding strength reaching 36 MPa.

Solid-state supercapacitors and microsupercapacitors comprising printed graphene electrodes and related methods of preparation.