An autothrottle for an aircraft that includes a power-control input (PCL) manually movable by a pilot along a travel path to effect a throttle setting that controls engine power of the aircraft. The autothrottle determines a control-target setting for a throttle of the aircraft and dynamically adjusts the throttle according to the control-target setting, including moving the PCL to achieve the control-target setting. A virtual detent is set and dynamically adjusted at positions along a travel path of the PCL corresponding to the control-target setting. The virtual detent is operative, at least when the autothrottle is in a disengaged state for autothrottle control, to indicate the control-target setting to the pilot via a haptic effect that applies a detent force opposing motion of the PCL in response to the PCL achieving the position of the virtual detent.

The present disclosure relates to the technical field of microbial electrochemical technology, in particular to a graphene-magnetite conductive skeleton electrode, a preparation method and application thereof, and a method for treating petrochemical wastewater. In the present disclosure, the surface roughness of the graphite rod electrode can be increased by the conductive skeleton modified on the surface of the graphite rod electrode, which is beneficial to the enrichment of microorganisms. The increase in the load of microorganisms will mean the amount of electroactive microorganisms will also increase, which will further improve the electron transfer ability, and because the material of the modified layer is a conductive material, it is also more conducive to the transfer of electrons; at the same time, the conductive skeleton modified on the surface of graphite rod electrode can also further enhance the transmission distance of electrons because of the skeleton constructed.

The present disclosure relates to the technical field of microbial electrochemical technology, in particular to a graphene-magnetite conductive skeleton electrode, a preparation method and application thereof, and a method for treating petrochemical wastewater. In the present disclosure, the surface roughness of the graphite rod electrode can be increased by the conductive skeleton modified on the surface of the graphite rod electrode, which is beneficial to the enrichment of microorganisms. The increase in the load of microorganisms will mean the amount of electroactive microorganisms will also increase, which will further improve the electron transfer ability, and because the material of the modified layer is a conductive material, it is also more conducive to the transfer of electrons; at the same time, the conductive skeleton modified on the surface of graphite rod electrode can also further enhance the transmission distance of electrons because of the skeleton constructed.

Described are sealing primer compositions that can be used to reduce paint defects such as pops or vapor boil on painted plastic substrates, as well as related methods for sealing plastic substrates, and sealed plastic substrates. Sealing primer compositions of the invention include a functionalized polydiene polymer such as a hydroxylated or other functional-group-containing polybutadiene polymer.

Described are sealing primer compositions that can be used to reduce paint defects such as pops or vapor boil on painted plastic substrates, as well as related methods for sealing plastic substrates, and sealed plastic substrates. Sealing primer compositions of the invention include a functionalized polydiene polymer such as a hydroxylated or other functional-group-containing polybutadiene polymer.

Photocurable compositions that combine redox-active semiconducting organic polymers with photocurable organic molecules are provided. Upon exposure to radiation, the photocurable compositions form ion-permeable, electrically conductive crosslinked organic films that can be used as conducting channels in n-channel or p-channel organic electrochemical transistors, including vertical organic electrochemical transistors (vOECTs). The vOECTs can be incorporated in complementary electronic circuits.

Photocurable compositions that combine redox-active semiconducting organic polymers with photocurable organic molecules are provided. Upon exposure to radiation, the photocurable compositions form ion-permeable, electrically conductive crosslinked organic films that can be used as conducting channels in n-channel or p-channel organic electrochemical transistors, including vertical organic electrochemical transistors (vOECTs). The vOECTs can be incorporated in complementary electronic circuits.

A method and resins for use with three-dimensional printing systems and/or other energy-curing devices to create 3-D objects having electrical conductivity. The resins comprise an initiator, a photopolymerizable agent, and a nanocarbon, particularly, single-walled carbon nanotubes. The initiator, photopolymerizable agent, and nanocarbon are mixed and agitated without fully solubilizing the nanocarbon so as to maintain the electrically conductive property.

A method and resins for use with three-dimensional printing systems and/or other energy-curing devices to create 3-D objects having electrical conductivity. The resins comprise an initiator, a photopolymerizable agent, and a nanocarbon, particularly, single-walled carbon nanotubes. The initiator, photopolymerizable agent, and nanocarbon are mixed and agitated without fully solubilizing the nanocarbon so as to maintain the electrically conductive property.

This composition for a hole collecting layer of an organic photoelectric conversion element contains: a charge-transporting substance comprising a polyaniline derivative represented by formula (1); a fluorine-based surfactant; and a solvent. The composition provides a thin film suitable for a hole collecting layer of an organic photoelectric conversion element, and is particularly suited for producing an inverse lamination type organic photoelectric conversion element. ##STR00001##
(In the formula, R.sup.1 to R.sup.6 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, etc., but one of R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 is a sulfonic acid group, one or more of the remaining R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 are a C1-20 alkoxy group, a C1-20 thioalkoxy group, a C1-20 alkyl group, a C2-20 alkenyl group, a C2-20 alkynyl group, a C1-20 haloalkyl group, a C6-20 aryl group, or a C7-20 aralkyl group, and m and n are numbers which satisfy 0≤m≤1, 0≤n≤1 and m+n=1).