A multi-event minimum temperature indicator that includes a substrate, at least two thermochromic compositions positioned on the substrate, and an optional top layer adhered to the substrate. Each thermochromic composition is positioned on a discrete area of the substrate, and the compositions provide a visual indication of exposure to progressively colder temperatures.

A composition comprises a solar-reflective pigment that reflects sunlight (including but not limited to infrared light, visible light, and/or ultraviolet light), thereby retarding the heat accumulation from direct exposure to sunlight. The composition further comprises a thermochromic pigment that changes color at a predefined temperature, thereby providing a visible indication of changing temperature. When the predefined temperature is set to a threshold temperature that is dangerously hot to the touch, the visible indication serves as a warning, thereby reducing the possibility of burns or other injuries.

A composition comprises a solar-reflective pigment that reflects sunlight (including but not limited to infrared light, visible light, and/or ultraviolet light), thereby retarding the heat accumulation from direct exposure to sunlight. The composition further comprises a thermochromic pigment that changes color at a predefined temperature, thereby providing a visible indication of changing temperature. When the predefined temperature is set to a threshold temperature that is dangerously hot to the touch, the visible indication serves as a warning, thereby reducing the possibility of burns or other injuries.

A reflective pavement marker for a roadway includes a body having a bottom adapted to be secured to the roadway and at least one a reflector on the body. The reflector includes an outer face for receiving light and an inner face comprising a plurality of light reflecting elements for receiving and reflecting the light back through the outer face. The reflector comprises a light transmitting and thermochromatic polymer adapted to transition at a predetermined transition temperature so as to change the color of the light reflected by the reflector depending on the temperature of the polymer. The predetermined transition temperature can be selected so that the color change of the light reflected by the reflector indicates freezing or near freezing road conditions.

A reflective pavement marker for a roadway includes a body having a bottom adapted to be secured to the roadway and at least one a reflector on the body. The reflector includes an outer face for receiving light and an inner face comprising a plurality of light reflecting elements for receiving and reflecting the light back through the outer face. The reflector comprises a light transmitting and thermochromatic polymer adapted to transition at a predetermined transition temperature so as to change the color of the light reflected by the reflector depending on the temperature of the polymer. The predetermined transition temperature can be selected so that the color change of the light reflected by the reflector indicates freezing or near freezing road conditions.

Systems, devices, and methods for a cosmetic sponge having: a tip portion at one end of the cosmetic sponge; an angled portion, where the tip portion is surrounded by the angled portion; a bulbous portion, where the bulbous portion is disposed proximate a bottom of the cosmetic sponge; and a bottom portion, where the bottom portion is surrounded by the bulbous portion; and a thermochromic pigment in at least a portion of the cosmetic sponge, where the portion of the cosmetic sponge changes from a first color at a first temperature to a second color at a second temperature.

Systems, devices, and methods for a cosmetic sponge having: a tip portion at one end of the cosmetic sponge; an angled portion, where the tip portion is surrounded by the angled portion; a bulbous portion, where the bulbous portion is disposed proximate a bottom of the cosmetic sponge; and a bottom portion, where the bottom portion is surrounded by the bulbous portion; and a thermochromic pigment in at least a portion of the cosmetic sponge, where the portion of the cosmetic sponge changes from a first color at a first temperature to a second color at a second temperature.

The present invention is a liquid-repellent heat sealable film that is excellent in liquid repellency and heat-sealing property, and has durability. The film comprises: a resin layer applied and formed on at least one surface of a substrate; and a large number of oxide microparticles adhered to the surface of the resin layer, wherein, in the resin layer, a plurality of heat-sealable particulate resins is bonded to each other, while maintaining their particulate forms, and is also bonded to the substrate surface to form a projecting and recessed structure, and the oxide microparticles are adhered to the surface of the particulate resin in an exposed state, without being buried.

The present invention is a liquid-repellent heat sealable film that is excellent in liquid repellency and heat-sealing property, and has durability. The film comprises: a resin layer applied and formed on at least one surface of a substrate; and a large number of oxide microparticles adhered to the surface of the resin layer, wherein, in the resin layer, a plurality of heat-sealable particulate resins is bonded to each other, while maintaining their particulate forms, and is also bonded to the substrate surface to form a projecting and recessed structure, and the oxide microparticles are adhered to the surface of the particulate resin in an exposed state, without being buried.

A variety of particles forming microencapsulated thermochromic materials are provided. The particles can include a thermochromic core and a metal oxide shell encapsulating the thermochromic core. The thermochromic core can include one or both of an organic thermochromic material and an inorganic salt thermochromic material. In some aspects, the particles include a dye selected from a crystal violet lactone dye, a fluoran dye, and a combination thereof. In still further aspects, the particles include a color developer selected from a hydroxybenzoate, a 4, 4′-dihydroxydiphenyl propane, a hydroxycoumarin derivative, a lauryl gallate, and a combination thereof. In some aspects, the metal oxide shell is a TiO.sub.2 shell. The particles can be used in cements and paints and for a variety of building materials. Methods of making the particles and building materials and methods of use, for example, for removing a volatile organic carbon from a building material, are also provided.