An energy-sensitive composition that yields a cured product with excellent crack resistance, a cured product of the composition, and a method of forming a cured product. The energy-sensitive composition includes a polysilane and a thermal base generator, in which the thermal base generator includes a compound represented by the following formula (b1):

##STR00001##

in which R.sup.b1 and R.sup.b2 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a nitro group, an alkyl group, an aryl group, an arylalkyl group, or an alkoxy group, R.sup.b3 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; n1 and n2 each independently represent an integer of 0 or more and 4 or less; Z.sup.q+ represents a q-valent organic cation composed of a base having a pKa of greater than 15; and q represents an integer of 1 or more.

An energy-sensitive composition that yields a cured product with excellent crack resistance, a cured product of the composition, and a method of forming a cured product. The energy-sensitive composition includes a polysilane and a thermal base generator, in which the thermal base generator includes a compound represented by the following formula (b1):

##STR00001##

in which R.sup.b1 and R.sup.b2 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a nitro group, an alkyl group, an aryl group, an arylalkyl group, or an alkoxy group, R.sup.b3 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; n1 and n2 each independently represent an integer of 0 or more and 4 or less; Z.sup.q+ represents a q-valent organic cation composed of a base having a pKa of greater than 15; and q represents an integer of 1 or more.

The present disclosure provides films (e.g., spray-applied films) for protecting surfaces, such as automobile panels, and methods of making and using same.

The present disclosure provides films (e.g., spray-applied films) for protecting surfaces, such as automobile panels, and methods of making and using same.

A temperature-indicator product comprising a visual indicator comprising a thermochromic colour-memory composition and comprising an electron-donating colouring organic compound (A), an electron-accepting colouring organic compound (B) and reaction medium compound (C). The visual indicator comprises a first portion comprising a first thermochromic colour-change composition in its lower temperature state and a second portion comprising a second thermochromic colour-change composition in its higher temperature state. The product is useful as a tamper-evident indicator or as a freeze indicator.

A temperature-indicator product comprising a visual indicator comprising a thermochromic colour-memory composition and comprising an electron-donating colouring organic compound (A), an electron-accepting colouring organic compound (B) and reaction medium compound (C). The visual indicator comprises a first portion comprising a first thermochromic colour-change composition in its lower temperature state and a second portion comprising a second thermochromic colour-change composition in its higher temperature state. The product is useful as a tamper-evident indicator or as a freeze indicator.

An organic resistor is provided. The organic resistor includes a rubber substrate and a conducting film disposed over the rubber substrate. The conducting film includes a composite of carbon nanotubes and a nickel phthalocyanine complex dispersed in one or more edible oil(s). The present disclosure also relates to a method of making the organic resistor using rubbing-in technology. The organic resistor of the present invention is environmentally friendly and ecologically clean.

An organic resistor is provided. The organic resistor includes a rubber substrate and a conducting film disposed over the rubber substrate. The conducting film includes a composite of carbon nanotubes and a nickel phthalocyanine complex dispersed in one or more edible oil(s). The present disclosure also relates to a method of making the organic resistor using rubbing-in technology. The organic resistor of the present invention is environmentally friendly and ecologically clean.

A passive thermal regulation system includes a substrate and a coating. The coating is positioned to encapsulate at least a portion of the substrate. The coating includes a first hydrogel layer and a second hydrogel layer. The first hydrogel layer has a plurality of carbon materials configured to absorb a solar radiation. The second hydrogel layer includes a hydrogel that is different from the first hydrogel layer. The coating, at a first temperature, causes the passive thermal regulation system to passively switch from a solar reflective state to solar absorber state to permit the plurality of carbon materials to absorb the solar radiation. At a second temperature, the coating causes the system to passively switch from the solar absorber state to the solar reflective state where the hydrogel of the second hydrogel layer inhibits the solar radiation from absorption. The second temperature is greater than the first temperature.

A passive thermal regulation system includes a substrate and a coating. The coating is positioned to encapsulate at least a portion of the substrate. The coating includes a first hydrogel layer and a second hydrogel layer. The first hydrogel layer has a plurality of carbon materials configured to absorb a solar radiation. The second hydrogel layer includes a hydrogel that is different from the first hydrogel layer. The coating, at a first temperature, causes the passive thermal regulation system to passively switch from a solar reflective state to solar absorber state to permit the plurality of carbon materials to absorb the solar radiation. At a second temperature, the coating causes the system to passively switch from the solar absorber state to the solar reflective state where the hydrogel of the second hydrogel layer inhibits the solar radiation from absorption. The second temperature is greater than the first temperature.