Provided is a coloring composition containing a coloring agent compound represented by Formula 1 and a medium.

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Description of T.sup.1, T.sup.2, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, X.sup.1, and n Formula 1 are omitted.

A composition used to melt ice and snow is provided. The composition has a large solar radiation absorption bandwidth and good thermal conduction, which can be manually, mechanically or otherwise dispersed over a large or small surface area to aid in melting ice or snow into liquid when exposed to optical radiation. A method for preparing the composition and methods of use of the composition are also provided.

The present disclosure relates to a process to produce aqueous dispersions of graphene stabilized by cellulose, offering an alternative to the current methods of dispersion of graphene. The present process provides the advantages that it uses biodegradable cellulose compatible with the environment and can be used in industrial processes in alkaline medium or in the absence of alkali; and when graphene is stabilized with cellulose in alkaline medium it becomes unstable when in contact with natural waters, thus precipitating and being easily removed or concentrated. In other embodiments, solids obtained by drying of the dispersions, once dried, can be redispersed in aqueous alkaline solution.

The present disclosure relates to a process to produce aqueous dispersions of graphene stabilized by cellulose, offering an alternative to the current methods of dispersion of graphene. The present process provides the advantages that it uses biodegradable cellulose compatible with the environment and can be used in industrial processes in alkaline medium or in the absence of alkali; and when graphene is stabilized with cellulose in alkaline medium it becomes unstable when in contact with natural waters, thus precipitating and being easily removed or concentrated. In other embodiments, solids obtained by drying of the dispersions, once dried, can be redispersed in aqueous alkaline solution.

The present invention provides for a composition comprising a pigment, wherein the composition is suitable for coating a surface that is, or is expected to be, exposed to the sun. The pigment comprises particles that fluoresce in sunlight, thereby remaining cooler in the sun than coatings pigmented with non-fluorescent particles. The particles comprise solids that fluoresce or glow in the visible or near infrared (NIR) spectra, or that fluoresce when doped. Suitable dopants include, but are not limited to, ions of rare earths and transition metals. A coating composition includes: (i) a film-forming resin; (ii) an infrared reflective pigment; and (iii) an infrared fluorescent pigment different from the infrared reflective pigment. When the coating composition is cured to form a coating and exposed to radiation comprising fluorescence-exciting radiation, the coating has a greater effective solar reflectance (ESR) compared to the same coating exposed to the radiation comprising fluorescence-exciting radiation except without the infrared fluorescent pigment. A multi-layer coating including the coating composition, and a substrate at least partially coated with the coating composition is also disclosed. A method of reducing temperature of an article includes applying the coating composition to at least a portion of the article.

Materials are disclosed for the safe sequestration and removal of hazardous contaminants from a surface. The materials can be sprayed, rolled, painted, brushed or dip coated onto any surface and allowed to dry and/or cure at room temperature or drying/curing can be accelerated by the application of heat to form a coating that entraps the contaminant therein. The coating and the entrapped contaminant can then peeled from the surface and safely disposed of to minimize hazardous waste. The coating includes a colorimetric additive that is specific to the contaminant, the coating and the contaminant producing a visual indication of contamination.

Heat ray shielding particles are provided that are composite tungsten oxide particles having a hexagonal crystal structure represented by a general formula Li.sub.xM.sub.yWO.sub.z, wherein the element M in the general formula is one or more kinds of elements selected from alkaline earth metals and alkali metals other than lithium, 0.25≦x≦0.80, 0.10≦y≦0.50, and 2.20≦z≦3.00.

Heat ray shielding particles are provided that are composite tungsten oxide particles having a hexagonal crystal structure represented by a general formula Li.sub.xM.sub.yWO.sub.z, wherein the element M in the general formula is one or more kinds of elements selected from alkaline earth metals and alkali metals other than lithium, 0.25≦x≦0.80, 0.10≦y≦0.50, and 2.20≦z≦3.00.

An azo pigment is provided which can be used as a coloring agent, etc. for use in paints, plastics, synthetic fibers, printing inks, and writing materials or for image recording or image displaying and which has performance of exhibiting high near infrared reflection/transparency, particularly when used as a heat-shielding paint, even in the case where the pigment has a dark color, and as a result, colored articles having the above-described properties are provided, and furthermore an article that is also useful as a printing ink in the security field is provided particularly when the pigment has a dark or black color. Specifically, an azo pigment is provided which is obtained through coupling reaction between a particular azo component and a particular coupling component, which has a plurality of chromophores of an azomethine group and of an azo group within a molecule, and in which the diazo component is a diazotized product of 3-(4-aminophenylimino)-1-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrachroloisoindoline.

An azo pigment is provided which can be used as a coloring agent, etc. for use in paints, plastics, synthetic fibers, printing inks, and writing materials or for image recording or image displaying and which has performance of exhibiting high near infrared reflection/transparency, particularly when used as a heat-shielding paint, even in the case where the pigment has a dark color, and as a result, colored articles having the above-described properties are provided, and furthermore an article that is also useful as a printing ink in the security field is provided particularly when the pigment has a dark or black color. Specifically, an azo pigment is provided which is obtained through coupling reaction between a particular azo component and a particular coupling component, which has a plurality of chromophores of an azomethine group and of an azo group within a molecule, and in which the diazo component is a diazotized product of 3-(4-aminophenylimino)-1-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrachroloisoindoline.