An effect paint for automobiles, comprising water, a dispersant (A), cellulose nanofibers (B), and an effect pigment (C).

The present invention provides a glitter pigment suitable for imparting high brightness to reflected light toward a regular reflection direction and reducing unnaturalness caused by an observation angle-dependent variation in reflected light. The glitter pigment according to the present invention includes: a flaky substrate; an optical interference film formed on a surface of the flaky substrate; and fine light scattering particles attached to the optical interference film, wherein reflected light is represented by an L*(15) value of more than 100, a ΔL*(h−s) value of less than 30, and a Δh(h−s) value of less than 40° in an L*C*h color system. The L*(15) value is an L* value of the reflected light toward a 15° direction based on an angular representation in which, when an illuminant is disposed so that an incident angle is 45°, an angle at which light is regularly reflected is defined as 0° and a light incident direction is defined as positive. The ΔL*(h−s) value is a difference in L* between a highlight and shade, and the Δh(h−s) value is a difference in h between a highlight and shade. The Δh value expressed in angle is an angular difference. The highlight is an average of values measured at 15° and 25°, and the shade is an average of values measured at 75° and 110°.

The present invention provides a new glitter pigment suitable for providing high-brightness whitish reflected light. The glitter pigment according to the present invention includes: a flaky substrate 1; and a silicon oxide layer 2 and a titanium oxide layer 3 formed in this order on the flaky substrate 1, wherein in the case where the flaky substrate is the glass flake, the glass flake has a thickness of 284 to 322 nm, the silicon oxide layer has a thickness of 89 to 109 nm, and the titanium oxide layer has a thickness of 51 to 86 nm. In the case where the flaky substrate is the alumina flake, the alumina flake has a thickness of 260 to 280 nm, the silicon oxide layer has a thickness of 79 to 102 nm, and the titanium oxide layer has a thickness of 47 to 87 nm.

A method for forming a multilayer coating film which includes forming an uncured coating film by applying a first aqueous base coating composition, forming an uncured coating film by applying a second aqueous base coating composition, forming an uncured coating film by applying a clear coating composition, and simultaneously heat curing the obtained coating films. The first aqueous base coating composition contains a carbodiimide compound, the clear coating composition contains a hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resin (A) having a hydroxyl value of 120 to 160 mgKOH/g and an acid value of 5 to 10 mgKOH/g, a polyisocyanate compound (B), and a polycarbonate diol compound (C). The component (A) has a hydroxyl group-containing alkyl moiety having 3 or less carbon atoms, and the ratio of the numbers of moles of the isocyanate functional groups of the component (B) and the hydroxyl group functional groups of the component (A) is 1.15 to 1.35.

A method for forming a multilayer coating film which includes forming an uncured coating film by applying a first aqueous base coating composition, forming an uncured coating film by applying a second aqueous base coating composition, forming an uncured coating film by applying a clear coating composition, and simultaneously heat curing the obtained coating films. The first aqueous base coating composition contains a carbodiimide compound, the clear coating composition contains a hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resin (A) having a hydroxyl value of 120 to 160 mgKOH/g and an acid value of 5 to 10 mgKOH/g, a polyisocyanate compound (B), and a polycarbonate diol compound (C). The component (A) has a hydroxyl group-containing alkyl moiety having 3 or less carbon atoms, and the ratio of the numbers of moles of the isocyanate functional groups of the component (B) and the hydroxyl group functional groups of the component (A) is 1.15 to 1.35.

A method for forming a multilayer coating film, comprising the steps of applying a color paint (W) to a substrate to form a colored coating film; applying an effect pigment dispersion (X) to the colored coating film, wherein the effect pigment dispersion (X) contains an effect pigment (x2), and the content of the effect pigment (x2) in the effect pigment dispersion (X) is within a range of 15 to 80 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the total solids content in the effect pigment dispersion (X), to form an effect first base coating film; applying a transparent colored second base paint (Y) containing a color pigment (y2) to form a transparent colored second base coating film; and applying a clear paint (Z) to form a clear coating film, wherein the clear paint (Z) contains a hydroxy-containing acrylic resin (z1) and an aliphatic triisocyanate compound (z2-1) having a molecular weight within a range of 200 to 350.

A sheet, including a substrate having a surface, wherein the surface includes a first marking that defines a boundary of a hollow flake, and a second marking that defines a boundary of a solid flake; wherein the first marking and the second marking are each, independently, configured to protrude from a plane of the surface or depress down from the plane of the surface; and wherein the first marking surrounds the second marking is disclosed. A complementary set of flakes, and a method of making the complementary set of flakes are also disclosed.

A sheet, including a substrate having a surface, wherein the surface includes a first marking that defines a boundary of a hollow flake, and a second marking that defines a boundary of a solid flake; wherein the first marking and the second marking are each, independently, configured to protrude from a plane of the surface or depress down from the plane of the surface; and wherein the first marking surrounds the second marking is disclosed. A complementary set of flakes, and a method of making the complementary set of flakes are also disclosed.

An effect pigment includes a substrate; an outer layer disposed above the substrate; and particles disposed above the substrate and at least partially entrapped by the outer layer, the particles comprising quantum dots.

An object is to provide a plate shaped ferrite particle for a pigment, having both of electromagnetic wave shielding ability and designability, a resin molded material containing the plate shaped ferrite particle a pigment, and an electromagnetic wave shield housing for storing an electronic circuit manufactured by using the resin molded material. To achieve the object, the plate shaped ferrite particles for a pigment having a metallic luster, a resin molded material containing the plate shaped ferrite particles for a pigment, an electromagnetic wave shield housing for storing an electronic circuit manufactured by using the resin molded material are employed.