A pretreatment liquid is a pretreatment liquid to be used for a pretreatment that is performed on an impermeable base material before an image is recorded on the impermeable base material, including a resin and an aqueous medium, in which the resin has at least one selected from the group consisting of a structural unit (1), and a structural unit (2), a glass transition temperature of the resin is −40° C. or higher and lower than 100° C., and a content of an alkyl (meth)acrylate unit containing a C2 or more chain alkyl group in the resin is less than 5% by mass. In the formulae, R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom or a C1 to C4 alkyl group, A.sup.2 represents —NH— or —N(L.sup.4-Y.sup.4)—, L.sup.2 and L.sup.4 represent a divalent group or a single bond, L.sup.3 represents a divalent group, Y.sup.2 and Y.sup.4 represent a monovalent group such as an alkyl group, and Y.sup.3 represents a monovalent group such as —OH.

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The object of the invention is a method for producing naphthenic process oils that have a high content of naphthenic carbon atoms of 20-60 wt % and a low content of polycyclic aromatics of less than 3 wt %, determined in accordance with IP 346, by the hydrogenation of a process oil educt that has a high content of polycyclic aromatics. The method in accordance with the invention enables secondary extracts, such as are formed in the production of label-free process oils, even in a mixture with primary extracts, to be utilized in an economically meaningful way. The resulting process oils are likewise label-free, so that the use of PCA-containing process oils can be reduced and less of these substances will get into the environment. Through this the environment and in particular health are less stressed. In addition, the starting substances in this way can lead to a different use and no longer have to be added to heating oil. By avoiding heating oil, CO.sub.2 emissions are also reduced. Also, through the direct hydrogenation of DAE, high value naphthenic process oils are obtained by the method in accordance with the invention. The process oils that are obtained contain surprisingly high amounts of naphthenic hydrocarbon compounds. In addition, an object of the invention is the use of the process oils produced in accordance with the invention as a plasticizer or extender oil for natural and synthetic rubber mixtures or thermoplastic elastomers.

The object of the invention is a method for producing naphthenic process oils that have a high content of naphthenic carbon atoms of 20-60 wt % and a low content of polycyclic aromatics of less than 3 wt %, determined in accordance with IP 346, by the hydrogenation of a process oil educt that has a high content of polycyclic aromatics. The method in accordance with the invention enables secondary extracts, such as are formed in the production of label-free process oils, even in a mixture with primary extracts, to be utilized in an economically meaningful way. The resulting process oils are likewise label-free, so that the use of PCA-containing process oils can be reduced and less of these substances will get into the environment. Through this the environment and in particular health are less stressed. In addition, the starting substances in this way can lead to a different use and no longer have to be added to heating oil. By avoiding heating oil, CO.sub.2 emissions are also reduced. Also, through the direct hydrogenation of DAE, high value naphthenic process oils are obtained by the method in accordance with the invention. The process oils that are obtained contain surprisingly high amounts of naphthenic hydrocarbon compounds. In addition, an object of the invention is the use of the process oils produced in accordance with the invention as a plasticizer or extender oil for natural and synthetic rubber mixtures or thermoplastic elastomers.

A method of forming a digital embossing on a surface by bonding hard press particles to a carrier. A liquid binder pattern is applied on the carrier by a digital drop application head. Hard press particles are applied on the carrier and the binder pattern such that some hard press particles are bonded to the carrier by the liquid pattern and non-bonded press particles are removed. The carrier with the bonded hard press particles is pressed to the surface and an embossing is formed when the carrier with the hard press particles is removed.

A method of forming a digital embossing on a surface by bonding hard press particles to a carrier. A liquid binder pattern is applied on the carrier by a digital drop application head. Hard press particles are applied on the carrier and the binder pattern such that some hard press particles are bonded to the carrier by the liquid pattern and non-bonded press particles are removed. The carrier with the bonded hard press particles is pressed to the surface and an embossing is formed when the carrier with the hard press particles is removed.

In the present invention, a conductive film having low resistance is formed on a substrate, said film having excellent storage stability and high dispersion stability as an ink. A copper oxide ink (1) contains a copper oxide (2), a dispersant (3), and a reducing agent. The content of the reducing agent is in the range of formula (1), and the content of the dispersant is in the range of formula (2). (1) 0.00010≤(reducing agent mass/copper oxide mass)≤0.10 (2) 0.0050≤(dispersant mass/copper oxide mass)≤0.30 The reducing agent content promotes the reduction of copper oxide to copper during firing, and promotes the sintering of copper.

The present invention relates to a mixed ink mixed with a far-infrared-emitting material, a method for preparing the mixed ink, and a printed matter on which the mixed ink is printed, wherein the mixed ink is a printing ink used in a printing process for a printed matter and the mixed ink is prepared by mixing a pigment mixture with a powder type far-infrared-emitting material. Therefore, a mixed ink, which is to be printed on an object, is mixed with a far-infrared-emitting material to maintain a high far-infrared emissivity of 0.88 or greater, so that 60% or more of various noxious gases, which are generated from the printed matter, can be deodorized to allow a user to use the printed matter without repulsion; about 90% or more of staphylococci and pneumococci can be reduced to maintain cleanliness; and the contamination and pathogen transmission due to the use of the printed matter can be prevented in advance.

The present invention relates to a mixed ink mixed with a far-infrared-emitting material, a method for preparing the mixed ink, and a printed matter on which the mixed ink is printed, wherein the mixed ink is a printing ink used in a printing process for a printed matter and the mixed ink is prepared by mixing a pigment mixture with a powder type far-infrared-emitting material. Therefore, a mixed ink, which is to be printed on an object, is mixed with a far-infrared-emitting material to maintain a high far-infrared emissivity of 0.88 or greater, so that 60% or more of various noxious gases, which are generated from the printed matter, can be deodorized to allow a user to use the printed matter without repulsion; about 90% or more of staphylococci and pneumococci can be reduced to maintain cleanliness; and the contamination and pathogen transmission due to the use of the printed matter can be prevented in advance.

A device includes a media supply, a first portion, and a second portion. The media supply is to supply a media along a travel path and to which a ground element is to be electrically connected. The first portion along the travel path is to receive droplets of ink particles within a dielectric carrier fluid on the media to form at least a portion of an image on the media. The second portion is downstream along the travel path from the first portion and includes a charge generation portion to emit airborne charges to charge the ink particles to move, via attraction relative to the grounded media, through the received carrier fluid toward the media to become electrostatically fixed on the media.

A printed article includes: a base layer and a surface layer, at least one anti-counterfeit label disposed between the base layer and the surface layer. The surface layer and the anti-counterfeit label are formed via ink printing. The printed article is equipped with the anti-counterfeiting function, and the anti-counterfeit label provided can be used for authenticity identification. The anti-counterfeit label is concealed inside the printed article such that it cannot be detected easily. When a light is shone onto the printed article, the anti-counterfeit label shows on the printed article.