An oil-based ink composition for a writing instrument, comprising a dye, an organic solvent and a phenolic compound of the following general formula (1): ##STR00001##
wherein R is each independently hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, R.sub.1 is any of an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a hydroxyphenyl group, and an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by a hydroxyphenyl group, and R.sub.2 is any of a halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a hydroxyphenyl group, and an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by a hydroxyphenyl group. The oil-based ink composition for a writing instrument can form handwriting having excellent water resistance in which no bleeding occurs on written surfaces of various materials with a dye retaining color development.

An oil-based ink composition for a writing instrument, comprising a dye, an organic solvent and a phenolic compound of the following general formula (1): ##STR00001##
wherein R is each independently hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, R.sub.1 is any of an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a hydroxyphenyl group, and an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by a hydroxyphenyl group, and R.sub.2 is any of a halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a hydroxyphenyl group, and an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by a hydroxyphenyl group. The oil-based ink composition for a writing instrument can form handwriting having excellent water resistance in which no bleeding occurs on written surfaces of various materials with a dye retaining color development.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provides an ink composition for a writing instrument comprising a colorant and water, wherein the ink composition further comprises a thickener including polyethylene glycol or polypropylene glycol having a molecular weight between 200 and 1000 and an acrylic resin having an amine.

In an embodiment, the present disclosure pertains to an ink composition. In some embodiments, the ink composition includes particles composed of a phase change material (PCM) and a resin. In an additional embodiment, the present disclosure pertains to a method of making an ink composition. In general, the method includes forming PCM beads from a PCM and loading a resin with the PCM beads. In a further embodiment, the present disclosure pertains to a method for forming a material or structure. In general, the method includes printing a composite ink on a substrate. In some embodiments, the composite ink includes particles composed of a PCM and a resin. In some embodiments, the method further includes curing the resin to thereby form the material or structure and imparting thermal regulation, by the composite ink, onto the material or structure.

In an embodiment, the present disclosure pertains to an ink composition. In some embodiments, the ink composition includes particles composed of a phase change material (PCM) and a resin. In an additional embodiment, the present disclosure pertains to a method of making an ink composition. In general, the method includes forming PCM beads from a PCM and loading a resin with the PCM beads. In a further embodiment, the present disclosure pertains to a method for forming a material or structure. In general, the method includes printing a composite ink on a substrate. In some embodiments, the composite ink includes particles composed of a PCM and a resin. In some embodiments, the method further includes curing the resin to thereby form the material or structure and imparting thermal regulation, by the composite ink, onto the material or structure.

A heat reactive composition and applicator apparatus and method are set forth. The heat reactive composition is applicable to the surface of an existing substrate to permanently scorch the existing substrate at places where contact with the composition of matter is effected. The exothermic reaction of the composition of matter constrains the reaction to portions of the substrate that are in immediate contact with the composition only. Intricate patterns and designs are thereby permanently transferrable onto or into the surface of the existing substrate by action of heat with a controlled and deliberate intent.

A heat reactive composition and applicator apparatus and method are set forth. The heat reactive composition is applicable to the surface of an existing substrate to permanently scorch the existing substrate at places where contact with the composition of matter is effected. The exothermic reaction of the composition of matter constrains the reaction to portions of the substrate that are in immediate contact with the composition only. Intricate patterns and designs are thereby permanently transferrable onto or into the surface of the existing substrate by action of heat with a controlled and deliberate intent.

Scrub resistant inks and methods and apparatus for fabrication and use thereof are provided. Scrub-resistant ink compositions may include a dye for marking skin; and a solvent dissolving a marking effective amount of the dye, wherein the solvent comprises about 0.1 to about 90 percent of a polar aprotic solvent. Apparatus for marking patients may include an ink reservoir; an ink dispenser having a fluid connection to the ink reservoir to dispense the ink at a desired rate to mark a patient; and a scrub resistant ink disposed in the ink reservoir. Methods for forming scrub-resistant ink compositions may include providing a marking effective amount of a dye suitable for use in marking skin; and mixing the dye with a first solvent comprising 0.1% to 90% of a polar aprotic solvent. Methods of marking patients may include applying an ink as recited above to a body part of the patient.

Scrub resistant inks and methods and apparatus for fabrication and use thereof are provided. Scrub-resistant ink compositions may include a dye for marking skin; and a solvent dissolving a marking effective amount of the dye, wherein the solvent comprises about 0.1 to about 90 percent of a polar aprotic solvent. Apparatus for marking patients may include an ink reservoir; an ink dispenser having a fluid connection to the ink reservoir to dispense the ink at a desired rate to mark a patient; and a scrub resistant ink disposed in the ink reservoir. Methods for forming scrub-resistant ink compositions may include providing a marking effective amount of a dye suitable for use in marking skin; and mixing the dye with a first solvent comprising 0.1% to 90% of a polar aprotic solvent. Methods of marking patients may include applying an ink as recited above to a body part of the patient.

The present invention relates to a process for making an etched pattern comprising a step of depositing onto a printable metal surface droplets of an ink composition provided by a printing method, wherein the ink composition comprises a first ink vehicle being water, a second ink vehicle being an organic compound and an etchant being an acid or abase according to the Brnsted definition, characterized in that the ink composition has a pH in the range of from (0) to (4) or from (9) to (14). The invention further relates to substrates having a metal surface with an etched pattern, to the use of such substrates in various applications, to articles comprising the inventive substrate and to the use of the inventive process for the production of metal products.