There is a process for preparing in situ an aqueous gel ink with variable color having the following steps: (i) preparing a gel-based matrix of aqueous ink comprising a reducing agent, (ii) adding a solution of metallic salts, (iii) adding iron powder to obtain an aqueous gel ink with variable color, wherein the steps (ii) and (iii) can be interchanged.

There also is an aqueous gel ink with variable color obtained according to the process of the disclosure, having a reducing agent, metallic nanoparticles and iron powder.

There further is a writing instrument having an aqueous gel ink with variable color according to the disclosure.

There is an alcohol-based dry erasable ink for writing instrument having as separating agent, more specifically as the only separating agent, a mixture of a pentaerythritol tetraester (a1), a fatty acid monoester (a2) and a fatty acid diester (a3). There also is a writing instrument having an alcohol-based dry erasable ink.

Scrub resistant inks and methods and apparatus for fabrication and use thereof are provided. Scrub-resistant ink compositions may include a dye for marking skin; and a solvent dissolving a marking effective amount of the dye, wherein the solvent comprises about 0.1 to about 90 percent of a polar aprotic solvent. Apparatus for marking patients may include an ink reservoir; an ink dispenser having a fluid connection to the ink reservoir to dispense the ink at a desired rate to mark a patient; and a scrub resistant ink disposed in the ink reservoir. Methods for forming scrub-resistant ink compositions may include providing a marking effective amount of a dye suitable for use in marking skin; and mixing the dye with a first solvent comprising 0.1% to 90% of a polar aprotic solvent. Methods of marking patients may include applying an ink as recited above to a body part of the patient.

Scrub resistant inks and methods and apparatus for fabrication and use thereof are provided. Scrub-resistant ink compositions may include a dye for marking skin; and a solvent dissolving a marking effective amount of the dye, wherein the solvent comprises about 0.1 to about 90 percent of a polar aprotic solvent. Apparatus for marking patients may include an ink reservoir; an ink dispenser having a fluid connection to the ink reservoir to dispense the ink at a desired rate to mark a patient; and a scrub resistant ink disposed in the ink reservoir. Methods for forming scrub-resistant ink compositions may include providing a marking effective amount of a dye suitable for use in marking skin; and mixing the dye with a first solvent comprising 0.1% to 90% of a polar aprotic solvent. Methods of marking patients may include applying an ink as recited above to a body part of the patient.

Provided is an aqueous ink composition for writing instruments, having sufficient antibacterial and antifungal properties without hindering preservation stability and writing capability. The aqueous ink composition for writing instruments according to the present invention at least includes 0.001 mass % or greater and less than 0.1 mass % of a preservative, and 0.05 mass % or greater and less than 5 mass % of a straight-chain alkanediol selected from the group consisting of 1,2-pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, and 1,2-octanediol.

The present invention addresses the problem of providing a protection member which is for a semiconductor and has excellent pattern retention at high temperatures and moisture resistance and has good adhesion to a semiconductor circuit, etc. for long period of time. The protection member which is for a semiconductor and solves said problem, includes a cured article of an organic polymerizable compound having a functional group containing an oxygen atom and/or a nitrogen atom. The absolute value of the difference between the linear expansion coefficient at 150° C. of the cured article and the linear expansion coefficient at 25° C. of the cured article is 55 or less.

The present invention addresses the problem of providing a protection member which is for a semiconductor and has excellent pattern retention at high temperatures and moisture resistance and has good adhesion to a semiconductor circuit, etc. for long period of time. The protection member which is for a semiconductor and solves said problem, includes a cured article of an organic polymerizable compound having a functional group containing an oxygen atom and/or a nitrogen atom. The absolute value of the difference between the linear expansion coefficient at 150° C. of the cured article and the linear expansion coefficient at 25° C. of the cured article is 55 or less.

Scrub resistant inks and methods and apparatus for fabrication and use thereof are provided. Scrub-resistant ink compositions may include a dye for marking skin; and a solvent dissolving a marking effective amount of the dye, wherein the solvent comprises about 0.1 to about 90 percent of a polar aprotic solvent. Apparatus for marking patients may include an ink reservoir; an ink dispenser having a fluid connection to the ink reservoir to dispense the ink at a desired rate to mark a patient; and a scrub resistant ink disposed in the ink reservoir. Methods for forming scrub-resistant ink compositions may include providing a marking effective amount of a dye suitable for use in marking skin; and mixing the dye with a first solvent comprising 0.1% to 90% of a polar aprotic solvent. Methods of marking patients may include applying an ink as recited above to a body part of the patient.

Scrub resistant inks and methods and apparatus for fabrication and use thereof are provided. Scrub-resistant ink compositions may include a dye for marking skin; and a solvent dissolving a marking effective amount of the dye, wherein the solvent comprises about 0.1 to about 90 percent of a polar aprotic solvent. Apparatus for marking patients may include an ink reservoir; an ink dispenser having a fluid connection to the ink reservoir to dispense the ink at a desired rate to mark a patient; and a scrub resistant ink disposed in the ink reservoir. Methods for forming scrub-resistant ink compositions may include providing a marking effective amount of a dye suitable for use in marking skin; and mixing the dye with a first solvent comprising 0.1% to 90% of a polar aprotic solvent. Methods of marking patients may include applying an ink as recited above to a body part of the patient.

A thermochromic writing instrument including a writing body, storing a thermochromic ink therein, stored in a barrel; an operation body provided in the barrel to be operated to longitudinally move the writing body; a nib of the writing body configured to be capable of appearing from a front end of the writing instrument, wherein the writing instrument 1 further includes a friction unit, for rubbing handwriting in the thermochromic ink and capable of thermally changing the color of the handwriting by frictional heat generated at that time, and at least one clip body as the operation body, the friction unit 10 is provided at a rear end of the barrel, and the clip body is provided in an area other than the rear end of the barrel.